SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY

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    • SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY

      -          or school of thought
      -          an organized explanation of a certain phenomena believed by groups of people supporting the principle
    • Structuralism

      -          William James and Wilhelm Wundt
      -          believes in the importance of the structure of the mind
      -          breaking down mental process into the most basic components
      -          mind is structured through conscious experiences
      -          primarily used the method called introspection
      -          subjects were trained to observe and report as accurately as the could their mental process, feelings and experiences
    • Functionalism

      -          John Dewey, William James, James Rowland Angell, and Harvey Carr
      -          called themselves ‘functionalist’
      -          retract the idea of structuralism
      -          importance of “function of the mind” rather than “structure of the mind”
      -          importance of functional adjustment of an organism to his environment
    • Behaviorism

      -          John B. Watson
      -          introduced in 1913
      -          believed that observable behavior was the only reliable source of information, not inner experience
      -          importance of the environment in shaping an individual’s behavior
      -          looked for connections between observable behavior and stimuli from the environment
    • Gestalt

      -          Max Wertheimer
      -          founded in 1912
      -          gestalt means “to configure” or “to form or pattern”
      -          believed that human beings and other animals perceive the external world as an organized pattern
      -           “The whole is greater than the sum of its part”
    • Psychoanalysis

      -          Sigmund Freud
      -          founded during late 1800s and early 1900s
      -          work of the unconscious behavior
      -          behavior is determined by powerful inner forces, most of which are buried in the unconscious mind
      -          Freud developed psychoanalysis as a form of psychotherapy (free association), theory of personality (id, ego and super ego drives), and theory of development (psychosexual stages)
      -          goal is to help the patient understand and accept repressed feelings and find ways to deal with them
    • Cognitive Analysis

      -          use of mind and its behavior
      -          a theoretical perspective that focuses on the realms of human perception, thought and memory
      -          articulated by Jean Piaget, students learn better when they can invent knowledge through inquiry and experimentation instead of acquiring facts presented by a teacher in class
      -          Lev Vygotsky, emphasized the role of social interactions in knowledge construction
      -          social constructivism turns attention to children’s interactions
    • Existentialist Psychology

      -          proponent: Brenato and Husserl
      -          believe in both free will and the uniqueness of the individual
      -          individual behaviors are not seen as evil or good, but neutral, interpreted only by the individual
      -          meaning of existence
    • Humanistic

      -          proponent: Abraham Maslow
      -          nature of man, importance of being positive and present
      -          believed that an individual’s behavior is primarily determined by his perception of the world around him; individuals are not solely the product of their environment; and individuals are internally directed and motivated to fulfill their human potential
       
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