Hypotheses

• Statement of the Problem (SOP) - outlines the gap that the study will conduct - general problem/research questions - clear, relevant, specific, researchable, feasible
• Hypothesis - guess, theory, assumption - assumable by yes or no - testable prediction
• Null Hypothesis

  • predicts no difference, no relationship, no effects between the tested variable
  • it uses a relation symbol with a statement of equality, such as = ≤ ≥
  • u1 = u2 = u3

  
• Alternative Hypothesis:

  • there is a difference
  • it uses a relation symbol with no statement of equality > < ≠

  
• Hypotheses Testing - a statistical method of using sample data to determine probability that a given hypothesis about the population is true
• Steps for Hypothesis Testing:

  1. Formulate the null & alternative hypotheses
  2. Determine the level of significance
  3. Calculate the test statistic and identify the rejection region
  4. Mark a decision
  5. Draw a conclusion
• Level of Significance (margin of error)

  • the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis when it is really true
  • denoted by "a"
  • 0.05 and 0.01 are frequently used to maintain low probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
  • can't be sample because there will discrepancy and a sample isn't the 100% population