2024 short q

• explain deamination

  This is the breakdown of excess protein in the liver.The NH2 group is converted to amonia then to urea and is excreted as urine by the liver.The COOH group is oxidised to prodconverteduce heat and energy
• biological functions of viatmin A

  • Makes pigment rhodopsin -prevents night blindness
  • Healthy skin/aids growth/antioxidant/aids immunity
• Haem iron

  easily absorbed by the body ferrous iron

  source - meat/offal
• Non-haem iron 


  cannot be easily aborbed by the body - ferric iron

  source - leafy green vegetables
• meal plan guideline for people with oesteoporosis

  • include clacium to sstrengthen bones + teeth eg milk +yogurt
  • Include vitamin D to abosrb the calcium and strenghten bones eg oily fish
• plant - soya bean = TVP
• micro-organisms - fungi= Quorn
• lactic acid bacteria

  Changes lactose into lactic acid .This acts as a preservative and adds flavour
• Rennet

  Changes caseinogen into casein, ,coagulating the milk proteins and forming curds
• Bacteria/Salmonella - raw chicken = food poisoning
• Pesticides - sprayed on vegetables = repiratory problems
• Infectious food posioning

  Eating food that contains bacteria that produces endotoxins. Easily destroyed by cooking temperatures .Released when bacterial cells die . eg. salmonella - E.coli
• Toxic food poisoning

  Eating food that contains bacteria that produces exotoxins.Difficult to destroy -boil for 30 minutes. Produced before or after food is eaten eg .Clostridium Botulinum
• Pectin - Sets jam into a gel like substance .Ripe fruit contains pectin.Acid helps to relaese pectin from fruit cell walls
• Heat- Boilling at 100 degree C destorys bacteria + inactivates enzymes