Prokaryotic cells

• DNA


  Short circular molecule of DNA, not associated with protein and free in the cytoplasm. Carries genetic codes for proteins
• Cell wall

  Contains murein, a glycoprotein. Prevents osmotic lysis, rigid, strengthening
• Cytoplasm

  Solution where many dissolved molecules are found. No membrane-bound organelles. Site of many metabolic reactions.
• Cell surface membrane

  Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Controls passage of substances across exchange surfaces by passive or active transport
• Small ribosomes


  Small structures in cytoplasm (70S size). Protein synthesis
• Simple flagellum


  Thin rotating fibre responsible for movement of a cell.
• Plasmids


  One or more small loops of DNA, can replicate independently. Can pass on genetic info via conjunction to another bateria
• Capsule


  Extra layer outside cell wall. Protects from desiccation, phagocytes and some pathogens
• prokaryotic cells do not contain membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasm and are smaller than eukaryotes