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Cards (24)
What is the basic building
block
of proteins?
Amino acid
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How many naturally occurring amino acids are there?
20
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What varies among different amino acids?
The
R
group
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What are the four types of chemical properties that amino acids can have?
Non-polar
,
polar
, positive charge, negative charge
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What is the polymer formed from amino acids?
Polypeptide
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How is a polypeptide formed?
By a condensation reaction between
amine
and
carboxyl
groups
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What bond is formed during the condensation reaction of amino acids?
Peptide
bond
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What is released during the formation of a peptide bond?
Water
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What process breaks down polypeptides?
Hydrolysis
reaction
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What is the primary structure of a protein?
The sequence of
amino acids
joined by
peptide bonds
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What
controls
the
shape
of a protein?
The primary structure
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What factors contribute to the variability of primary structures in proteins?
Different length chains, different
amino acids
in chain,
amino acids
in different sequences
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What characterizes the secondary structure of proteins?
Folding of parts of the chain into
alpha helices
or
beta-pleated sheets
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What causes the secondary structure of proteins to form?
Hydrogen
bonding between
carboxyl
and amino residues
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What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
The
folding
into a complex, specific
shape
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What types of intermolecular forces are involved in the tertiary structure of proteins?
Hydrogen
bonds, ionic forces,
disulfide
bridges, London forces
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What type of bond forms between cysteine R groups?
Disulfide bridges
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What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
The arrangement of multiple
polypeptide chains
together
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What types of proteins are classified as globular proteins?
Enzymes
,
signalling
molecules, transport molecules
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What are fibrous proteins primarily used for?
Structural
purposes
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What test is used to detect proteins?
Biuret
test
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What is a
positive
result in the Biuret test?
A color change from
blue
to
purple
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What are the four levels of protein structure?
Primary
structure: Sequence of amino acids
Secondary
structure: Folding into alpha helices or beta-pleated sheets
Tertiary
structure: Complex folding due to R group interactions
Quaternary
structure: Arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains
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What are the differences between globular and fibrous proteins?
Globular
proteins:
Enzymes, signaling, transport
Specific shape for binding
Fibrous
proteins:
Structural
Strong and flexible
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