Proteins

    Cards (24)

    • What is the basic building block of proteins?

      Amino acid
    • How many naturally occurring amino acids are there?
      20
    • What varies among different amino acids?
      The R group
    • What are the four types of chemical properties that amino acids can have?
      Non-polar, polar, positive charge, negative charge
    • What is the polymer formed from amino acids?
      Polypeptide
    • How is a polypeptide formed?
      By a condensation reaction between amine and carboxyl groups
    • What bond is formed during the condensation reaction of amino acids?
      Peptide bond
    • What is released during the formation of a peptide bond?
      Water
    • What process breaks down polypeptides?
      Hydrolysis reaction
    • What is the primary structure of a protein?
      The sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
    • What controls the shape of a protein?

      The primary structure
    • What factors contribute to the variability of primary structures in proteins?
      Different length chains, different amino acids in chain, amino acids in different sequences
    • What characterizes the secondary structure of proteins?
      Folding of parts of the chain into alpha helices or beta-pleated sheets
    • What causes the secondary structure of proteins to form?
      Hydrogen bonding between carboxyl and amino residues
    • What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
      The folding into a complex, specific shape
    • What types of intermolecular forces are involved in the tertiary structure of proteins?
      Hydrogen bonds, ionic forces, disulfide bridges, London forces
    • What type of bond forms between cysteine R groups?
      Disulfide bridges
    • What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
      The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains together
    • What types of proteins are classified as globular proteins?
      Enzymes, signalling molecules, transport molecules
    • What are fibrous proteins primarily used for?
      Structural purposes
    • What test is used to detect proteins?
      Biuret test
    • What is a positive result in the Biuret test?

      A color change from blue to purple
    • What are the four levels of protein structure?
      1. Primary structure: Sequence of amino acids
      2. Secondary structure: Folding into alpha helices or beta-pleated sheets
      3. Tertiary structure: Complex folding due to R group interactions
      4. Quaternary structure: Arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains
    • What are the differences between globular and fibrous proteins?
      • Globular proteins:
      • Enzymes, signaling, transport
      • Specific shape for binding
      • Fibrous proteins:
      • Structural
      • Strong and flexible
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