change in DNA sequence. Can involve changes to genes or whole chromosomes.
gene mutation
a change in the DNA sequence of a particular gene
chromosome mutation
a change to a chromosome, either additional chromosome or mission chromosome
non-disjunction
failure of the homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis
polyploidy
a condition where the cells of an individual have more than two paired chromosomes
hybridisation
the breeding of two populations, producing a mixture, a genetic hybrid
haploid
a cell containing half the number of chromosomes
diploid
a cell that has paired chromosomes
diploid number
the normal number of chromosomes present in the cells of a diploid organism
meiosis
the type of cell division that creates four daughter cells, each with half the genetic information in sex cells
crossing over
crossing over occurs during meiosis 1 leading to recombination and is the result of homogenous chromosomes partners breaking and swapping portions of their genetic material
gene pool
the alleles available. within a population
allele frequency
the number of a certain allele available in a population - how common it is
