9.5

• How long have aboriginal people lived in Australia according to archaeological evidence?

  60,000 years
• How long have Torres Strait Islanders lived in Australia?

  2,500 years
• What distinguishes aboriginal people from Torres Strait Islanders?

  Aboriginals are considered a land-based culture, while Torres Strait Islanders are considered a sea-based culture
• How many aboriginal groups are there on the mainland of Australia?

  Over 500 aboriginal groups
• How many clusters of Torres Strait Islanders are there?

  5 clusters
• How do First Nation peoples view their relationship with nature?

  They regard themselves as part of nature and the environment
• How does the traditional viewpoint of First Nation peoples differ from the western viewpoint regarding the environment?

  Traditional viewpoint encourages sustainable use of resources, while the western viewpoint sees people as managers of the ecosystem
• What is the significance of hunting dugongs for First Nation peoples?

  It is done sustainably without declining population numbers, with cultural controls on hunting practices
• What rules are imposed on hunting dugongs?

  There are rules on where, how, and who can hunt, as well as how they are killed, processed, distributed, and shared
• What type of dugongs are preferred when hunting?

  Young males are preferred while pregnant dugongs with calves are left alone
• What is firestick farming?

  It involves setting alight to vegetation to reduce fuel and encourage new growth for hunting
• What is another name for firestick farming?

  Cool burning
• How long has traditional burning been practiced by First Nation peoples?

  For tens of thousands of years
• What is the purpose of setting cool burns during the early, cool dry season?

  To improve the health of the land and wildlife
• What is biomimicry as used by First Nation peoples?

  It involves copying features found in nature
• How did Aboriginal people design a pouch for carrying babies?

  They designed it similar to that found on a kangaroo
• What benefits did the pouch design provide to Aboriginal people?

  It allowed their hands to be free to carry other things and reduced energy expenditure