BIOLOGY SUMMATIVE REVIEWER (OVERALL TOPIC)

• The Word BIOLOGY is the combination of two Greek

  words (bios - life, logos - study )

  • is the branch of science which deals with

  the study of living objects and their life processes

  • It covers all aspect of the study of living creatures like

  growth, structure, occurrence, classification, ecology,

  economics importance, external form, organization,

  internal structure, nutrition among others
• The term biology was coined by Jean Baptiste Lamarck
• Aristotle is know as the "Father of Biology"
• BOTANY is the branch of biology which deals with

  the scientific study of different aspects of plants and plant-like organisms which include algae

  e, fungi, lichens, mosses, ferns, conifer, and flowering plants
• The ancient Greek THEOPRHASTUS (371-286 B.C.E

  .) is known as the "Father/Founder of Botany"
• MICROBIOLOGY is the branch of biology that deals wit

  h the scientific study of all living organisms that are

  too small to be visible to the naked eye.

  • These organisms include: bacteria, archaea, viruses, f

  ungi, prions, protozoa, and algae, collectively known

  as 'Microbes'
• ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK is known as the

  "Father of Microbiology"
• The pure branch of biology include the following:

  1. Morphology 8. Ecology

  2. Anatomy 9. Embryology

  3. Histology 10. Genetics

  4. Cytology 11. Paleontology

  5. Cell biology 12. Taxonomy

  6. Molecular biology 13. Evolution

  7. Physiology

  14. Pathology
• Morphology

  It is the study of external form, size, shape, color, external

  structure and relative position of living organisms
• ANATOMY

  It is the study of internal structure which can be observed with

  unaided eye after dissection
• Physiology

  It is the study of different types of body functions and process

  es or the functional activities of a living organism
• Cytology

  It is the study of form and structure as well as the function

  of cells including the behavior of nucleus and other

  organelles
• Histology

  It is the study of tissue organization and structure as

  observed through light microscope
• Embryology

  It is the study of fertilization, growth, division and different

  iation of the zygote into embryo or early development of

  living beings before the attainment of structure and size of

  the offspring
• TAXONOMY

  It is the science of identification, nomenclature and

  classification of organisms
• GENETICS

  It is the study of inheritance of characters or heredity

  and variations. Heredity is the study of expression and

  transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
• ECOLOGY

  It is the study of living organisms is relation to other

  organism and their environment
• EVOLUTION

  It studies the origin of life as well as new types of

  organism from the previous ones by modifications

  involving genetic changes and adaptations.
• Paleontology

  It deals with the study of fossils or remains and

  impressions of past organisms present in the rocks

  of different ages.
• Cell Biology

  It is the study of morphological, organizational, biochemic

  al, physiological, genetic, developmental, pathological and

  evolutionary aspects of cell and its components.
• Molecular Biology

  Synthesis working he intera con of biel cules tation,

  ing about and control various activities of the protoplasm
• Pathology

  It is a branch of biology which studies diseases in plant a

  nd animals and their treatment