Ethical Implications & Social Sensitivity

• What is the difference between idiographic and nomothetic approaches?

  Idiographic focuses on individual cases, while nomothetic seeks general laws
• What are the key aspects of gender and culture in psychology?

  • Gender bias: androcentrism, alpha and beta bias
  • Culture bias: ethnocentrism, cultural relativism
  • Nature-nurture debate: heredity vs environment
  • Free will vs determinism: hard and soft determinism
  • Holism vs reductionism: levels of explanation
• What are the main ethical guidelines in psychology?

  Informed consent, confidentiality, protection from harm, and debriefing
• What is the difference between idiographic and nomothetic approaches?

  Idiographic approaches focus on individual cases, while nomothetic approaches seek general laws applicable to many.
• Which guidelines were broken in Milgram’s study?

  Informed consent and protection from harm
• What do we mean by ‘implications’ in research?

  Implications refer to the potential consequences of research findings
• How are ethical implications different from ethical guidelines?

  Ethical implications concern the impact of research, while guidelines are rules to protect participants
• What is socially sensitive research?

  • Research with potential consequences for participants or groups
  • Requires awareness of ethical issues
  • Strategies should be in place to address these issues
• What are the key aspects of gender and culture in psychology?

  • Universality and bias
  • Gender bias: androcentrism, alpha and beta bias
  • Culture bias: ethnocentrism, cultural relativism
• What are the concerns with socially sensitive research identified by Sieber and Stanley?

  Implications, uses/public policy, and validity of research
• What does the nature-nurture debate refer to?

  The nature-nurture debate refers to the relative importance of heredity and environment in determining behavior.
• How might research on caregiver-infant interactions be socially sensitive?

  It may suggest negative implications for working mothers
• How could research on the role of fathers be considered socially sensitive?

  It may imply that fathers are insignificant in children's lives
• What are the potential ethical implications of research?

  • Impact on participants' rights
  • Influence on public perception and policy
  • Risk of reinforcing stereotypes or discrimination
• What is the interactionist approach in psychology?

  The interactionist approach considers the interplay between heredity and environment in shaping behavior.
• What strategies could researchers use to deal with ethical implications?

  Implementing thorough ethical reviews and participant debriefing
• How does Burt’s work demonstrate the importance of the peer review process?

  It highlights the need for validation and scrutiny of research findings
• What are the benefits of conducting socially sensitive research?

  • Informs public policy
  • Raises awareness of social issues
  • Can lead to positive societal change
• What are the concepts of free will and determinism?

  • Hard determinism: all behavior is determined by external factors
  • Soft determinism: some behavior is determined but individuals have some control
  • Types of determinism: biological, environmental, and psychic
• What is the scientific emphasis on causal explanations?

  The scientific emphasis on causal explanations seeks to identify the causes of behavior through systematic investigation.
• How could socially sensitive research be used as a means of social control?

  It could justify policies like compulsory sterilization based on biased findings
• Why might ethics committees not accurately judge ethical implications of research?

  They may lack diverse perspectives or understanding of the research context
• Should we conduct socially sensitive research?

  Yes, but with careful consideration of ethical implications
• What is the difference between holism and reductionism in psychology?

  • Holism: considers the whole system
  • Reductionism: breaks down behavior into simpler components
  • Types: biological reductionism and environmental (stimulus-response) reductionism
• What are the ethical implications of research studies?

  Ethical implications include considerations of social sensitivity and the potential impact on participants and society.
• What is socially sensitive research?

  Socially sensitive research involves studies that may have implications for social groups or individuals that could lead to stigma or discrimination.
• What are the ethical guidelines in psychological research?

  • Informed consent
  • Right to withdraw
  • Confidentiality
  • Debriefing
• What are the potential positive implications of research?

  • Advances in understanding human behavior
  • Development of effective interventions
  • Increased awareness of social issues