Federalism characteristics

• Type of federalism used from the 1790's to 1930's?

  Dual federalism
• Features of dual federalism?

  State and federal government are equal . Distinct policy and power boundaries of each government . The state did the majority of governing and was supported by SCOTUS rulings .
• What ended dual federalism?

  The new deal , as a response to the Wall St crash federal powers are expanded to aid states .
• Type of federalism used from the 1930's to 1960's?

  Cooperative federalism .
• Features of Cooperative federalism?

  Federal government has greater influence over states through work schemes, employment laws, unemployment benefits and schools
• Type of federalism from the 1960's to 2000's?

  New federalism
• Features of dual federalism?

  Typically republican presidents calling to reduce federal power. Nixon initially called for a ' new federalism ' Largely it is similar to cooperative federalism.
• What analogy is used for dual federalism?

  Compared to a layer cake , due to dual federalism's clear jurisdictions and divisions between governments .
• What analogy is used for cooperative federalism?

  Know as the Marble cake federalism due to mixing of programmes and authority .
• Evidence of federalism in action?

  1. Legality of the death penalty in 29 states and illegal in 21 , shows federalism is working in law and order
  2. Taxation lies within states jurisdiction , some states have extremely low tax rates e.g 0% tax rate on sales in Delaware whereas 13% in California
  3. Bidens vaccine mandate , employees in a company over 100 must be vaccinated - over half states sued Biden administration , SCOTUS strikes decision down
• How is federalism mentioned in the constitution?


  Federalism isnt explicitly mentioned in the constitution , but rather is implied by how the powers of state and federal government are set out .
• What can the federalist government use to gain implied powers?

  The elastic clause
• What can the state governments use in the constitution to protect their rights?

  The 10th amendment , which protects state powers by reserving all powers not explicitly given to federal government to states .