Health

• What is the sick role in health studies?

  The sick role provides an escape route for individuals from everyday activities.
• What does the sick role allow individuals to do?

  • Escape from everyday activities
  • Justify their inability to perform normal roles
  • Receive care and attention from others
• What does the social model of health suggest about the body?

  The body is constructed by social and cultural forms.
• How does the social model of health view body shapes and sizes?

  Body shapes and sizes symbolize social value.
• In the UK, what body characteristics are associated with health?

  Slender, muscular bodies are seen as healthy.
• What societal perceptions are associated with obesity in the UK?

  Obesity is associated with poor health, greed, and lack of control.
• What are the implications of the social model of health on perceptions of disability?

  • Disability is viewed through social and cultural lenses.
  • Body shapes and sizes influence societal attitudes.
  • Health perceptions are tied to societal norms and values.
• Who conducted the study referenced in the material regarding body projects?

  Shilling (2012)
• What is the main focus of the body project discussed in the study?

  People try to gain control by changing our bodies to try achieving ideal characteristics
• How is the body project influenced according to the study?

  It is influenced by social media and globalization
• What action do people take to achieve their ideal characteristics as mentioned in the study?

  They travel abroad to undergo plastic surgery
• According to Featherstone (1991), what is the main focus of cultural activity in a consumer-led society?

  The human body
• How do people engage with health in a consumer culture according to Featherstone?

  They work on health projects to form their identities
• What does Featherstone suggest about modern technology's impact on the body?

  It provides a greater ability to change the body
• What term did Turner (1996) use to describe a society where individuals express themselves through control of their bodies?

  Somatic society
• According to Turner, what does the body represent in a somatic society?

  A passport to life, pleasure, and fulfillment
• What are the main points of feminist approaches to body image?

  • Emphasizes social construction of acceptable body shapes
  • Critiques the search for better-looking bodies fueling cosmetic surgery
  • Highlights the harmful effects of patriarchy on women's health
  • Links to increased eating disorders and the 'cult of thinness'
• Who discussed the concept of the 'cult of thinness' in 1997?

  Here Biber
• What does the term 'tyranny of slenderness' refer to, and who coined it?

  It refers to societal pressure for thinness, coined by Chernin (1983)
• According to the Marxist approach, how has the body been viewed in capitalist society?

  As a business opportunity
• What does phenomenology focus on in relation to the body?

  Understanding individual experiences and perceptions of the body
• What did Michael Bally (1992) find in his interviews regarding people's perceptions of their bodies?

  Respondents expressed feelings of being "freak" or "worried"
• How did Tom's perspective differ from others in Bally's study?

  He expressed being "happy" and "healthy"
• What did Bryan Turner (1984) express uncertainty about?


  What the body is
• According to Ann Oakley (1981), how did doctors treat childbirth?

  As a medical condition
• What did Laqueur (1990) suggest about the classification of body types in the nineteenth century?

  It led to unequal treatment
• What did Foucault (1978) argue about the influence on the body?

  It is influenced by prevailing discourses
• How does Mary Douglas's work (1966) relate to societal expectations of larger women?

  They are expected to perform physical labor
• What were the key developments in the disability movement from the late 1960s?

  • Disability was recognized as a political issue
  • Influenced equal rights regulations
  • Shifted focus from medical to social models of disability
  • Highlighted barriers to citizenship and participation
• Who highlighted the difference between social and individual models of disability?

  Mike Oliver (1983)
• What does the social model of disability emphasize?

  Social, cultural, and structural barriers
• What did Wanon (2002) mean by "we are not just disabled people"?

  It emphasizes the complexity of identity beyond disability
• What did the sociological model adopted by Buro (2005) aim to address?

  Barriers to internet access
• How many provinces did Zurney (122) study regarding internet users?

  25 provinces
• What was the finding regarding the minority in Zurney's study?

  They were internet users
• How does society influence health and improvements?

  Health is largely influenced by society and environmental factors.
• What are some environmental factors that improve health?

  Better hygiene, better diet, and improved housing.
• What is the impact of vaccines and medicine on health?

  Vaccines can be less effective and medicine may not be affordable.
• What factor is associated with better health outcomes?

  Good income and exercise.
• What significant change occurred in mortality rates in the 19th century?

  Mortality (death rate) fell.