summary

• What is the purpose of the approaches revision video mentioned?

  To cover key points quickly from the approaches videos
• What should viewers do if they want a full explanation of the content covered in the revision video?

  They should watch the longer videos for a full explanation
• What resource can viewers download for free while watching the video?

  A blank comparison grid
• What is the significance of Wilhelm Wundt in psychology?

  He is considered the father of experimental psychology and set up the first psychological laboratory
• Where was the world's first psychological laboratory established?

  Leipzig, Germany
• What was the main focus of Wundt's research?

  To use controlled empirical scientific research techniques to study the mind
• What experimental technique did Wundt use in his research?

  Introspection
• What were participants trained to do in Wundt's introspection method?

  To report conscious experiences objectively
• How did Wundt's work influence subsequent scientific psychologists?

  His systematic approach inspired later scientific methods in psychology
• What is a criticism of Wundt's introspective methods?

  They are considered subjective and not truly scientific
• What did behaviorists reject in their study of psychology?

  The study of internal mental states
• What is classical conditioning according to Pavlov?

  Learning by association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
• What is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in Pavlov's experiment?

  Food
• What was the outcome of Pavlov's experiment?

  The neutral stimulus became a conditioned stimulus producing a conditioned response
• What is operant conditioning according to Skinner?

  Learning by reinforcement of voluntary responses
• What did Skinner demonstrate with his research on rats?

  Positive and negative reinforcement in a controlled environment
• What is a criticism of Pavlov and Skinner's use of animal subjects?

  Their findings may not be generalizable to human behavior
• What is vicarious reinforcement in social learning theory?

  Learning by observing someone being rewarded for a behavior
• Who conducted the Bobo doll study?

  Bandura
• What was the main finding of the Bobo doll study?

  Children exposed to an aggressive model were more likely to be aggressive themselves
• How does social learning theory differ from behaviorism?

  It includes cognitive processes that occur between stimuli and responses
• What is the role of schemas in cognitive psychology?

  Schemas act as mental shortcuts to understand and navigate the world
• What is the multistore model of memory?

  A theoretical model showing how sensory input progresses from short-term to long-term memory
• What does cognitive neuroscience study?

  The neurological structures and processes linked to internal mental processes
• What is a criticism of the cognitive approach's use of inferences?

  Assumptions about internal mental processes can be mistaken
• What is the role of neurotransmitters in behavior?

  They enable communication between neurons and influence various behaviors
• What is the fight or flight response associated with?

  The release of adrenaline from the adrenal gland
• How do genes influence behavior?

  Genes affect the formation and functioning of the brain and neurons
• What is a criticism of biological determinism?

  It can challenge legal principles of responsibility
• What is the tripartite structure of personality according to Freud?

  It consists of the ID, ego, and super ego
• What is the pleasure principle associated with?

  The ID
• What happens if a child cannot resolve a psychosexual stage?

  They become fixated, affecting their adult personality
• What is a criticism of Freud's theories?

  Many of his ideas lack scientific credibility and are untestable
• What is the focus of humanistic psychology?

  Personal growth and self-actualization
• What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

  A theory that outlines the stages of human needs from basic to self-actualization
• What is congruence in humanistic psychology?

  The alignment between perceived self and ideal self
• What is a criticism of humanistic psychology?

  It lacks empirical evidence and relies on qualitative methods
• How has humanistic psychology been applied in real-world settings?

  It has improved performance in sports and enhanced employee satisfaction
• What is the main criticism of humanistic psychology's cultural bias?

  It emphasizes individualism, contrasting with collectivist values
• What is the significance of the psychodynamic approach in modern psychology?

  It has influenced theories on early childhood experiences and the unconscious mind