Emotion

• What is the limbic system responsible for?

  It controls key processes like emotion.
• Which part of the brain is included in the limbic system?

  The hippocampus.
• What areas of the brain are involved in emotional responses?

  • Cingulate cortex
  • Sensory association cortex
  • Anterior thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Mammillary nucleus
  • Hippocampal formation
  • Amygdala
  • Prefrontal cortex
• Why is the amygdala important in emotion?

  It is involved with the contextual action of fear and survival.
• What negative emotions is the amygdala responsible for generating?

  Fear and anger.
• What does the SM case study illustrate about the amygdala?

  It shows the amygdala's role in identifying emotions, particularly anger and fear.
• What is the innate component of the amygdala's function?

  It activates a fear response when a known danger appears.
• How does the learned component of the amygdala function?

  It associates stimuli with a fear response, as seen in Pavlov's dog study.
• What is Kluver-Bucy syndrome associated with?

  Damage to the medial temporal lobe.
• What behaviors are exhibited in Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

  Behaviors that lack fear or aggression.
• What does agnosia refer to?

  The ability to identify objects.
• What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

  It inhibits the brain after a fight or flight response, promoting rest and digest.
• What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

  It conducts the fight or flight response in response to fear.
• What does the James-Lange theory propose about emotions?

  Emotional states occur because of physiological arousal from a stimulus.
• What is sham rage?

  Violent aggression.
• How does a spinal injury affect emotions?

  It disconnects the ANS, leading to reduced emotional feelings.
• What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in emotions?

  It helps contextualize emotions and how we present them.
• What is the effect of a lobotomy on behavior?

  It causes changes to more overly negative or positive behaviors.
• How does the frontal lobe affect emotional regulation?

  It regularizes emotions and helps contextualize feelings.
• What can happen if there are no connections in the frontal lobe?

  It can lead to tantrums over minor issues.
• How are phobias related to the frontal lobe?

  They arise from unestablished connections in the frontal cortex.
• What is depression associated with?

  A lack of serotonin.
• What is happiness associated with?

  A rush of dopamine.
• How is emotion lateralized in the brain?

  • Right side: responsible for negative emotions and emotional speech.
  • Left side: responsible for positive emotions and language.
• How do neurons control facial expressions?

  They receive messages from the cerebral cortex and limbic system.
• What happens when the motor cortex is activated in relation to smiling?

  It can cause a fake smile, while the limbic system evokes a real smile.
• How can emotions be controlled?

  By controlling our brain waves.