EP + EPE

• What is electric potential defined as?


  Electric potential is the potential energy per unit charge at a point in an electric field.
• In what units is electric potential measured?

  Electric potential is measured in volts (V).
• Why is electric potential considered a scalar quantity?


  Because it has magnitude but no direction.
• What does electric potential depend on?


  Electric potential depends on the position in the electric field.
• What is the reference point for measuring electric potential?


  The reference point is often taken as infinity, where the potential is defined as zero.
• What are equipotential surfaces?


  Equipotential surfaces are surfaces where all points have the same electric potential.
• How is electric potential related to potential energy?


  The change in electric potential multiplied by the charge gives the change in potential energy.
• What is the formula for electric potential energy?


  The electric potential energy (U) is given by U = qV.
• What does a positive electric potential energy indicate?


  A positive electric potential energy indicates that a positive charge is in a positive electric field.
• What is the formula for electric potential at a distance from a point charge?


  The formula is $V =$$k \frac{Q}{r}$.
• What does Coulomb's constant (k) approximate to?


  Coulomb's constant (k) is approximately $8.99 \times 10^9 \, \text{N⋅m}^2/\text{C}^2$.
• How does electric potential change with distance from a charge?


  The electric potential decreases with distance and is inversely proportional to the distance from the charge.
• What is the relationship between electric potential and electric field?


  The electric field is related to the potential gradient: $E =$$-\frac{dV}{dr}$.
• How does the electric potential change when moving from a point of higher potential to a point of lower potential?


  Work is done by the electric field when moving a charge from higher to lower potential.
• What is the formula for electric potential?


  $V =$$k \cdot \frac{Q}{r}$
• What do we know about the values of k and Q in the given scenario?


  They remain constant.
• What does the ratio of potentials $\frac{V_2}{V_1} =$$\frac{r_1}{r_2}$ indicate?


  It shows that the potential is inversely proportional to the distance.
• How does the electric potential change when the distance from the charge doubles?


  The potential halves.
• What does a steep slope of electric potential indicate about the electric field?


  The electric field is strong.
• What is the formula relating electric field and electric potential in one dimension?


  $E =$$-\frac{dV}{dr}$
• How does the electric potential behave as you move away from a point charge?


  The potential decreases as you move away.
• What happens to the electric potential if the charge is doubled?

  The electric potential also doubles.
• What does a Van de Graaff generator do?


  It accumulates electric charge on a hollow metal sphere.
• How does the electric potential relate to the concept of electric field strength?


  A rapid decrease in potential indicates a strong electric field.
• What are the key points about the relationship between electric potential and electric field?


  • Electric potential (V) is a scalar quantity.
  • Electric field (E) is a vector quantity.
  • The electric field is the negative gradient of the electric potential: $E =$$-\nabla V$.
  • For a point charge: $E =$$\frac{kQ}{r^2}$ derived from $V =$$\frac{kQ}{r}$.
• How does the electric potential change with distance from a charge?


  • Electric potential decreases as distance increases.
  • The relationship is inversely proportional: $V \propto \frac{1}{r}$.
  • The electric field decreases more quickly: $E \propto \frac{1}{r^2}$.
• What are some practical applications of electric potential?


  1. Batteries provide potential difference to drive current.
  2. Capacitors store energy in the form of electric potential.
  3. High voltage lines minimize energy loss in power transmission.
  4. Lightning rods protect buildings using potential differences.