Bio Unit 2

• What is the basic unit of life?

  Cell
• What are tissues made up of?

  Multiple cells
• What are organs composed of?

  Tissues
• What are organ systems?

  Groups of organs
• What is the difference between specialised and unspecialised cells?

  • Specialised cells are suited to specific functions.
  • Unspecialised cells can develop into different types of cells.
• What is the function of white blood cells?

  To help the body fight off infection and disease
• What is the structure of a white blood cell?

  Round shape with a distinct nucleus
• What are stem cells?

  Unspecialised cells that can become different types of cells
• What is a key characteristic of stem cells?

  They can reproduce themselves by self-division
• How are stem cells involved in the body?

  Involved in the growth and repair of damaged tissues
• How many types of stem cells are usually recognized?

  Three types
• What are the three types of stem cells mentioned?

  • Embryonic Stem Cells
  • Tissue Stem Cells
  • Adult Stem Cells
• What type of stem cells can be formed in the body throughout life?

  Tissue (adult) stem cells
• What is a source of tissue stem cells in the body?

  Bone marrow
• What types of cells can tissue stem cells turn into?

  All types of blood cells
• How can stem cells produced in a lab be used in medicine?

  To replace cells in a person affected by disease/injury
• What does the CNS stand for?

  Central Nervous System
• What successful repair has been carried out using stem cells?

  Repair damage of the cornea
• What are the main components of the CNS?

  The spinal cord and brain
• What type of neurons pass signals to the CNS?

  Sensory neurons
• What is the role of interneurons in the CNS?

  To inform the CNS
• What do motor neurons do in the CNS?

  They inform a response in the CNS
• How do neurons communicate?

  Using electrical impulses
• What does the cerebrum control?

  Conscious responses and centers of learning
• What does the pituitary gland produce?

  Hormones
• What does the medulla control?

  Heart rate, breathing rate, and involuntary actions
• What is the function of the cerebellum?

  Controls muscle coordination and balance
• What is a reflex?

  A rapid involuntary action in response to a stimulus
• What is a synapse?

  The gap between two neurons
• How do chemical messengers move between neurons?

  Across a synapse
• What are hormones made of?

  Proteins
• Where are hormones produced?

  In endocrine glands
• What is the role of growth hormones?

  Influences height and builds bone/muscle
• Where is growth hormone produced?

  In the pituitary gland
• What do adrenaline receptors do?

  Prepare the body for the flight or fight response
• What regulates blood glucose levels?

  Insulin and glucagon
• What happens to excess glucose in the blood?

  It can be stored as glycogen in the liver
• What is sexual reproduction?

  The creation of a new organism from a mix of genetic material from two parents
• What is reproduction?

  The production of new organisms
• What are gametes?

  Sex cells that have one set of chromosomes