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Module 5
5.1.2
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Cards (22)
What is a catalyst?
A substance that
speeds
up reactions
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What does concentration refer to in a solution?
Amount of
substance
per
unit volume
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What characterizes an endothermic reaction?
It takes in energy from the
surroundings
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How does the energy of products compare to reactants in an endothermic reaction?
Products
have
higher
energy
than
reactants
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What does equilibrium mean in a chemical reaction?
Forward and reverse reactions occur at the same
rate
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What is the equilibrium constant (K)?
A value relating
products
and
reactants
at
equilibrium
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What factors affect the equilibrium constant (K)?
K is affected by
temperature
only
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What is an exothermic reaction?
A reaction that gives out
energy
to surroundings
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How does the energy of reactants compare to products in an exothermic reaction?
Reactants have
higher
energy than products
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What defines heterogeneous equilibrium?
Involves
substances
in different
states
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What defines homogeneous equilibrium?
Involves
substances
all in the same
state
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How is the equilibrium constant (K) calculated?
K = products'
concentrations
/ reactants' concentrations
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What is excluded from heterogeneous K expressions?
Liquids
and
solids
are excluded
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Why are liquids and solids excluded from K expressions?
Their
concentrations
remain constant
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What does K<sub>p</sub> represent in chemistry?
The
equilibrium constant
for gas reactions
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How is K<sub>p</sub> calculated?
Products'
partial pressures
over reactants' partial pressures
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What is the formula for mole fraction X<sub>A</sub>?
X<sub>A</sub> =
n<sub>A</sub>
/n
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What does n<sub>A</sub> represent in the mole fraction formula?
The number of moles of
component A
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What is the definition of partial pressure?
Pressure
exerted by one gas in a mixture
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How is the partial pressure P<sub>A</sub> calculated?
P<sub>A</sub> = P
X<sub>A</sub>
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What does P represent in the partial pressure formula?
The total pressure of the
gas mixture
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What does X<sub>A</sub> signify in the context of partial pressure?
The
mole fraction
of gas A in the mixture
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