Schaffers stages of attachment

• What was the sample size of Schaffer and Emerson's study?

  60 babies
• What type of study did Schaffer and Emerson conduct?

  Longitudinal study
• What did Schaffer and Emerson observe in their study?

  Interactions between babies and caregivers
• How often were mothers and babies visited during the first year?

  Once a month
• What did the researchers measure to assess separation anxiety?

  Reactions during 7 everyday separations
• At what age did 50% of babies show separation anxiety?

  Between 25-32 weeks
• What type of attachment was observed at 40 weeks?

  80% had a specific attachment
• What are the stages of attachment identified by Schaffer and Emerson?

  1. Asocial: Birth – 8 Weeks
  2. Indiscriminate Attachment: 2-7 months
  3. Specific Attachment: 7-12 months
  4. Multiple Attachments: 1 year onwards
• What characterizes the asocial stage of attachment?

  Similar behavior towards humans and objects
• What age range defines the indiscriminate attachment stage?

  2-7 months
• How do infants behave during the indiscriminate attachment stage?

  They smile more at familiar faces
• What is a key behavior of infants in the specific attachment stage?

  Protest when a specific person puts them down
• What percentage of children had their first specific attachment to their mother?

  65%
• What is the significance of the quality of the relationship in attachment?

  It matters more than the quantity of time spent
• What percentage of infants had multiple attachments by 1 year?

  A majority had multiple attachments
• What is a limitation of the sample used in Schaffer and Emerson's study?

  It was biased towards working-class families
• What is a potential issue with mothers reporting their child's behavior?

  It may introduce systematic bias
• How has parenting changed since the 1960s according to the study?

  More women work and fathers stay home
• What is a challenge in studying the asocial stage of attachment?

  Babies have poor coordination and are immobile
• How can Schaffer and Emerson's stages help with daycare decisions?

  They inform about potential distress in specific attachments
• What are the differences between individualistic and collectivist cultures in attachment?

  • Individualistic cultures value independence (e.g., UK, USA)
  • Collectivist cultures value interdependence (e.g., Japan, China)
  • Multiple attachments are common in collectivist cultures
• What did Sagi (1994) compare in his study?

  Sleeping arrangements in communal vs. family settings
• What does Sagi's study suggest about Schaffer and Emerson's model?

  It applies mainly to individualistic cultures