Schaffers stages of attachment

• What are the stages of attachment identified by Schaffer?

  Asocial, indiscriminate, specific, multiple
• What characterizes the asocial stage of attachment?

  • First few weeks of life
  • Babies show similar behavior towards people and objects
  • Some preference for familiar people
  • More easily calmed by familiar individuals
• What occurs during the indiscriminate attachment stage?

  • Lasts from 0 to 7 months
  • Babies show preference for people over objects
  • Recognize and prefer familiar individuals
  • No stranger or separation anxiety
• What defines the specific attachment stage?

  • Begins around 7 months
  • Babies show stranger and separation anxiety
  • Form a specific attachment to one primary figure
  • Typically the most interactive caregiver
• What happens in the multiple attachments stage?

  • By one year, infants have multiple attachments
  • Secondary attachments form shortly after primary attachment
  • 29% of babies have secondary attachments within a month
• What percentage of babies had secondary attachments within a month of forming a primary attachment?

  29%
• What was the primary attachment figure in Schaffer and Emerson's study?

  The person who responds best to the baby
• What methodology did Schaffer and Emerson use in their study?

  • Visited babies and mothers at home monthly
  • Observed separation and stranger anxiety
  • Collected data through mothers' reports
• What is a limitation of Schaffer and Emerson's study regarding mothers' reports?

  Mothers may have biased their assessments
• Why is it difficult for mothers to report signs of anxiety in young babies?

  Young babies have poor coordination and mobility
• What is a strength of Schaffer and Emerson's research?

  • Large-scale study
  • Conducted in a naturalistic setting
  • Provides real-world applications for daycare decisions
• How do cultural differences affect the generalizability of Schaffer and Emerson's findings?

  Child-rearing practices vary across cultures
• What is the significance of multiple attachments in collectivist cultures?

  • Multiple attachments are the norm
  • Reflects cultural values of community and family
  • May differ from findings in individualistic cultures
• What is the age range for the specific attachment stage?

  Around 7 months
• What is the age range for the asocial stage?

  First few weeks
• What is the age range for the indiscriminate attachment stage?

  0-7 months
• What is the age range for the multiple attachments stage?

  By one year
• What are the implications of Schaffer and Emerson's findings for daycare?

  • Early attachment stages allow comfort from any skilled adult
  • Later attachment stages may cause distress with unfamiliar adults
  • Important for parents to consider timing of daycare
• What are the strengths and limitations of Schaffer and Emerson's study?

  Strengths:

  • Large sample size
  • Naturalistic observation

  
  

  Limitations:

  • Potential bias from mothers
  • Difficulty in accurately reporting attachment signs