Roman

• Romans - Art had practical function
• Romans - primarily used for ornamentation and decoration
• Greek was the original; Roman copied their work
• Heroic Greek statues were even supplied headless, to enable the buyer to fit his own portrait head.
• bronze statue of Emperor Marcus Aurelius (c.175 CE) - whose stance is reworked from the Greek statue "Doryphorus" (440 BCE).
• The beginnings of Education (ROMAN):

  1. To become useful members of society
• First Roman emperor, Augustus made many changes to architecture: brick and marble buildings, public baths and Forum
• The romans preferred to sculpt historical events and real people if a Roman statue is idealized, it is probably a statue of one of the many
• portraiture - used to depict gods or rulers
• Perseus and Medusa - the romans valued their gods and this was evident with their sculptures and artworks
• Early Roman art (c.510 BCE to 27 BCE) - Tended to be realistic and direct
• Hellenistic-Roman art (c.27 BCE - 200 CE) - Romans became aware of the propaganda value of busts and statuary, and sought to convey political messages through poses and accessories.
• Vespasian's Triumphal Entry in Rome an example of triumphal paintings to commemorate a battle
• portraiture- most famous type of sculpture
• Bath of Diocletian - monopolized the entire brick industry of Rome
• Romans used concrete
• Apodyterium- changing rooms for the women, where they could change into their wedding dresses
• Calidarium- A room in a Roman bath house where the hot water was kept at a constant temperature.
• Tepidarium- warm room, indirectly heated
• Frigidarium- cool room, unheated and with cold water
• roman ceremonies took place inside the temple
• greek ceremonies took place outside the temple
• aqueducts- water system and one of the greates achievements of ancient world
• colosseum- most famous attraction in Rome
• colosseum could hold 55,000 people
• Church- the central figure of authority of period
• Scriptures- done by hand
• gothic (1200- 1500) northern flavor from the Goths- vulgar and barbarian
• Roman were most creative of painting than Greek
• Roman Painting theme: animals, portraits, still life and lanscape
• Tomb paintings- painting in their burial sites of scenes of memories and visions of a good afterlife
• al fresco- paint applied to wet plaster
• al secco- dry walls
• first style (incrustation) - using vivid colors it stimulates the appearance of marble
• second style- to create illusion of extra space by painting
• third style- more ornamental with less illusion of depth
• fourth style- more decoratively, with freater use of ornamentation
• painted portraits- popular in roman arts
• The arch of Titus - the oldest surviving roman thriumphal arch was built after young emperor