Origins of Psych

• Who is credited as the first psychologist?

  Wilhelm Wundt
• In what year did Wundt create the first psychological laboratory?

  1875
• Where was the first psychological laboratory established?

  Leipzig, Germany
• What institute did Wundt found in 1879?

  Institute of Experimental Psychology
• How did Wundt contribute to psychology's acceptance as a science?

  He moved psychology away from philosophy
• Who established the first American psychological laboratory?

  Granville Stanley-Hall
• In what year was the first American psychological laboratory established?

  1883
• When was the American Psychological Association founded?

  1892
• What was Wundt's approach to studying the human mind called?

  Structuralism
• What technique did Wundt use to study mental processes?

  Introspection
• What does the term "introspection" mean in Latin?

  Looking into
• How did Wundt train participants for introspection?

  To observe and report their mental processes
• What types of stimuli were participants subjected to during introspection?

  Pictures or auditory tones
• What was the purpose of the information gathered from introspection?

  To generate theories about perception
• What did Wundt initially believe could be studied through introspection?

  All aspects of human behavior
• What limitations did Wundt later realize about introspection?

  It couldn't study learning, language, and emotions
• Why was introspection found to be unreliable?

  Self-reports were subjective and hard to replicate
• What were the main criticisms of introspection?

  Inaccuracy and difficulty in replication
• What unconscious factors did introspection fail to uncover?

  Unconscious attitudes and biases
• What was necessary for psychology to be accepted as a science?

  Adoption of scientific methods
• What does empiricism in psychology refer to?

  Knowledge gathered from observation and experience
• What assumption underlies the empirical method?

  All behavior has a cause
• What is the scientific method in psychology characterized by?

  Objective, systematic, and replicable methods
• What does objectivity in research ensure?

  Bias does not influence data collection
• What does being systematic in research involve?

  Conducting experiments in an orderly way
• What is replicability in psychological research?

  Studies can be repeated with similar results
• What does the scientific cycle in psychology involve?

  Building, refining, and falsifying theories
• Why is psychology considered a credible science?

  It uses systematic and objective methods
• What is a major challenge in establishing cause and effect in psychology?

  Direct cause and effect is hard to establish
• How does psychology compare to other natural sciences?

  Results vary more greatly in psychology
• What limitation does the scientific method have in psychology?

  Not all behavior can be explored scientifically
• What issue arises from controlled environments in psychological research?

  They may not reflect natural settings
• What can be a consequence of findings limited to laboratory experiments?

  They may not apply to real-world behavior