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AQA Psychology
Forensic Psychology
Biological explanations - Genetic/Neural
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Cards (17)
What does MZ stand for in twin studies?
Monozygotic
twins
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What does DZ stand for in twin studies?
Dizygotic
twins
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What is a concordance rate?
Probability
that both twins share a
trait
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How might twin research contribute to understanding offending behavior?
Investigates
genetic influences
Examines environmental factors
Helps differentiate
nature vs. nurture
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If criminality was entirely genetic, what concordance rate would MZ twins show?
Close to
100%
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What issue arises when evaluating twin studies?
Environmental
similarity of
MZ
and
DZ
twins
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What did Christiansen's 1977 study suggest about criminal behavior?
Genetic
and
environmental
factors influence it
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What was the risk of criminal records for adopted children with criminal biological mothers in Crowe's study?
50%
risk by age
18
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What was the risk of criminal records for adopted children with non-criminal biological mothers in Crowe's study?
5%
risk by age
18
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What is a limitation of adoption studies in separating nature from nurture?
They may not fully isolate
genetic factors
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What does the diathesis-stress model relate to in psychology?
Interaction of
genetics
and environment
Explains vulnerability to
disorders
Relevant to understanding criminal behavior
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Which statement is true about genetic factors in offending behavior?
They can
influence
predisposition
to crime
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How can neural factors contribute to criminal behavior?
Through
brain
abnormalities affecting behavior
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What is the role of environmental influences in biological explanations of offending behavior?
They interact with
genetic
and
neural
factors
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What is biological determinism in the context of criminal behavior?
The belief that biology determines behavior
Suggests limited
free will
in actions
Raises ethical questions about punishment
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What is the main focus of the evaluation of genetic explanations?
Issues with
twin
and
adoption
studies
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What is the significance of the diathesis-stress model in relation to criminal behavior?
It highlights the interaction of
genetics
and environment
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