Biological explanations - Genetic/Neural

    Cards (17)

    • What does MZ stand for in twin studies?
      Monozygotic twins
    • What does DZ stand for in twin studies?
      Dizygotic twins
    • What is a concordance rate?
      Probability that both twins share a trait
    • How might twin research contribute to understanding offending behavior?
      • Investigates genetic influences
      • Examines environmental factors
      • Helps differentiate nature vs. nurture
    • If criminality was entirely genetic, what concordance rate would MZ twins show?
      Close to 100%
    • What issue arises when evaluating twin studies?
      Environmental similarity of MZ and DZ twins
    • What did Christiansen's 1977 study suggest about criminal behavior?
      Genetic and environmental factors influence it
    • What was the risk of criminal records for adopted children with criminal biological mothers in Crowe's study?
      50% risk by age 18
    • What was the risk of criminal records for adopted children with non-criminal biological mothers in Crowe's study?
      5% risk by age 18
    • What is a limitation of adoption studies in separating nature from nurture?
      They may not fully isolate genetic factors
    • What does the diathesis-stress model relate to in psychology?
      • Interaction of genetics and environment
      • Explains vulnerability to disorders
      • Relevant to understanding criminal behavior
    • Which statement is true about genetic factors in offending behavior?
      They can influence predisposition to crime
    • How can neural factors contribute to criminal behavior?
      Through brain abnormalities affecting behavior
    • What is the role of environmental influences in biological explanations of offending behavior?
      They interact with genetic and neural factors
    • What is biological determinism in the context of criminal behavior?
      • The belief that biology determines behavior
      • Suggests limited free will in actions
      • Raises ethical questions about punishment
    • What is the main focus of the evaluation of genetic explanations?
      Issues with twin and adoption studies
    • What is the significance of the diathesis-stress model in relation to criminal behavior?
      It highlights the interaction of genetics and environment
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