Microbial Metabolism

• the energy-rich bond of a substrate is hydrolyzed to directly drive the formation of ATP.

  substrate level phosphorlyation
• the movement of electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor generates a proton motive force - is an electrochemical gradient formed by energy-conserving reactions that transport protons outside the cytoplasmic membrane

  Oxidative phosphorylation
• light energy is used to form the proton motive force that powers ATP synthesis and is dominant mechanism of energy conservation in phototrophic organisms

  photophosphorylation
• anaerobic: fermentation, aerobic:_

  respiration
• Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway better known as

  Glycolysis
• Is a series of reactions in which glucose is oxidized to pyruvate

  glycolysis
• how many pyruvate are formed in glycolysis?

  2
• How much ATP is formed in glycolysis?

  2
• How much NADH is produced in glycolysis?

  2
• A pathway by which pyruvate is oxidized to CO2 is called the_.

  citric acid cycle
• CAC produces how many molecules of ATP?

  2
• nitrogen fixation is catalyzed by the enzyme complex called what?

  nitrogenase
• the energy required to bring the substate of an enzyme to the reactive state

  activation energy
• a multiprotein enzyme complex embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP coupled to dissipation of the proton motive force

  ATPase
• an electron carrier with an extremely electronegative reduction potential

  ferredoxin
• the enzyme complex required to reduce N2 to NH3 in biological nitrogen fixation

  Nitrogenase
• a series of reactions in which pentoses are catabolized to generate precursors for nucleotide biosynthesis or to synthesize glucose

  pentose phosphate pathway