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Microbiology (Microbial Metabolism)
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Cards (65)
What is metabolism?
Sum of all
chemical reactions
in organisms
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What is the energy-balancing act in metabolism?
Release or require energy during
reactions
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What type of reactions are enzyme-regulated?
Chemical reactions
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What does catabolism do?
Releases
energy
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What is the process of catabolism?
Breakdown of
complex
compounds into simpler ones
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What are the characteristics of catabolic reactions?
Hydrolytic
and
exergonic
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What does anabolism do?
Requires
energy
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What is the process of anabolism?
Building
complex
molecules from simpler ones
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What are the characteristics of anabolic reactions?
Dehydration synthesis
and
endergonic
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What are the fundamental differences between anabolism and catabolism?
Catabolism: releases
energy
, breaks down compounds
Anabolism: requires energy, builds compounds
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What is the role of ATP in metabolism?
Intermediate between
catabolism
and
anabolism
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How does ATP function in metabolism?
Stores energy from
catabolic
reactions
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What happens during ATP breakdown?
Drives
anabolic
reactions
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What happens during ATP synthesis?
Occurs in
catabolic reactions
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What is the outline of energy production mechanisms?
Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions
Enzymes
Energy Production
Carbohydrate Catabolism
Biochemical Tests and Bacterial Identification
Photosynthesis
Summary of Energy Production Mechanisms
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What are the components of an enzyme?
Apoenzyme
,
cofactor
,
coenzyme
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What is the mechanism of enzymatic action?
Substrate binds, forms enzyme-
substrate
complex
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What factors influence enzymatic activity?
Temperature
, pH,
substrate concentration
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What is competitive inhibition?
Inhibitor
competes with
substrate
for
active site
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What is a ribozyme?
A type of
RNA
that acts as an
enzyme
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What does collision theory explain?
How
chemical reactions
occur and their
rates
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What is activation energy?
Collision energy
required for a reaction
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What is the reaction rate?
Frequency
of effective collisions for reactions
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What are catalysts?
Substances that speed up
reactions
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What are substrates?
Reactants in
enzymatic
reactions
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What is the active site of an enzyme?
Region that interacts with specific
substrates
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What is the enzyme-substrate complex?
Temporary binding of enzyme and
substrate
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How does enzyme specificity work?
Structure allows interaction with specific
substrates
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What is the turnover number of an enzyme?
Maximum
substrate molecules
converted per
second
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What is an apoenzyme?
Protein
portion
of an enzyme
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What is a cofactor?
Nonprotein component of an
enzyme
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What is a coenzyme?
Organic molecule that assists
enzymes
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What is a holoenzyme?
Apoenzyme
plus
cofactor
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What are NAD+ and NADP+?
Electron carriers
in metabolism
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What is the mechanism of enzymatic action?
Substrate
binds, forms complex, produces products
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How does temperature affect enzymatic activity?
Increases until
optimal
temperature is reached
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What is denaturation in enzymes?
Loss of
three-dimensional
structure
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What is the optimal temperature for disease-causing bacteria?
Between
35°C
and
40°C
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How does pH affect enzymatic activity?
Most
enzymes
have an
optimum
pH
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What happens at high substrate concentrations?
Active sites
are saturated with substrate
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