Microbial Metabolism

    Cards (55)

    • What is metabolism?

      All chemical reactions within a living organism
    • What are the two main types of metabolism?
      • Catabolism: breakdown of complex molecules, releases energy
      • Anabolism: building of complex molecules, requires energy
    • What is catabolism?
      Breakdown of complex organic molecules
    • What does catabolism release?
      Energy
    • What is anabolism?
      Building of complex organic molecules
    • What does anabolism require?
      Energy
    • What are enzymes?
      Catalysts that speed up chemical reactions
    • Why are enzymes substrate specific?
      They only catalyze specific reactions
    • What do lipases act on?
      Lipids
    • What do sucrases act on?
      Sucrose
    • What do ureases act on?
      Urea
    • What do proteases act on?
      Proteins
    • What do DNases act on?
      DNA
    • How are most enzymes named?
      By adding “ase” to the substrate
    • What is the enzyme for sucrose?
      Sucrase
    • What is the enzyme for lipids?
      Lipase
    • What is the enzyme for DNA?
      DNase
    • What is the enzyme for proteins?

      Protease
    • What does dehydrogenase remove?

      A hydrogen
    • What does phosphatase remove?

      A phosphate
    • How are enzymes grouped?
      • Based on the type of reaction they catalyze:
      1. Oxidoreductases: oxidation & reduction
      2. Hydrolases: hydrolysis
      3. Ligases: synthesis
    • What are the components of an enzyme?
      • Apoenzyme: protein portion
      • Coenzyme (cofactor): non-protein
      • Holoenzyme: whole enzyme
    • What are coenzymes derived from?
      Vitamins
    • What is NAD derived from?
      Niacin
    • What is FAD derived from?
      Riboflavin
    • What is Coenzyme A derived from?
      Pantothenic acid
    • What factors influence enzymatic activity?
      • Denaturation of an active protein
    • What does oxidation refer to?
      Loss of hydrogens or electrons
    • What does reduction refer to?
      Gain of hydrogens or electrons
    • What is the NAD cycle?
      • Involves oxidation and reduction processes
      • Key in energy production
    • What is carbohydrate catabolism?
      • Microorganisms oxidize carbohydrates for energy
      • Glucose is the most common energy source
    • What are the two processes to obtain energy from glucose?
      Respiration and fermentation
    • What is aerobic cellular respiration?
      • Electrons released by oxidation pass down an Electron Transport System
      • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor
    • What is the general equation for aerobic cellular respiration?
      Glucose + oxygen CO2 + water + ATP
    • What are the four subpathways of aerobic cellular respiration?
      1. Glycolysis
      2. Transition Reaction
      3. Krebs Cycle
      4. Electron Transport System
    • What occurs during glycolysis?
      Oxidation of glucose into 2 pyruvic acid
    • What are the end products of glycolysis?
      2 pyruvic acid, 2 NADH2, 2 ATP
    • What is the transition reaction?
      • Connects glycolysis to Krebs Cycle
      • End products: 2 acetyl CoA, 2 CO2, 2 NADH2
    • What is the Krebs Cycle?
      • Series of reactions beginning and ending with citric acid
      • Products: 2 ATP, 6 NADH2, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2
    • What occurs in the Electron Transport System?
      • Occurs within the cell membrane of bacteria
      • Produces 34 ATP
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