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MICROBIOLOGY
Microbial Metabolism
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Created by
James Navarro
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Cards (55)
What is
metabolism
?
All chemical reactions within a living organism
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What are the two main types of metabolism?
Catabolism
: breakdown of complex molecules, releases energy
Anabolism
: building of complex molecules, requires energy
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What is catabolism?
Breakdown
of complex organic molecules
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What does catabolism release?
Energy
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What is anabolism?
Building
of complex organic molecules
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What does anabolism require?
Energy
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What are enzymes?
Catalysts
that speed up
chemical
reactions
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Why are enzymes substrate specific?
They only
catalyze
specific
reactions
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What do lipases act on?
Lipids
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What do sucrases act on?
Sucrose
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What do ureases act on?
Urea
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What do proteases act on?
Proteins
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What do DNases act on?
DNA
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How are most enzymes named?
By adding
“ase”
to the substrate
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What is the enzyme for sucrose?
Sucrase
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What is the enzyme for lipids?
Lipase
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What is the enzyme for DNA?
DNase
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What is the
enzyme
for
proteins
?
Protease
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What does
dehydrogenase
remove
?
A
hydrogen
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What does
phosphatase
remove
?
A
phosphate
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How are enzymes grouped?
Based on the type of reaction they catalyze:
Oxidoreductases
: oxidation & reduction
Hydrolases
: hydrolysis
Ligases
: synthesis
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What are the components of an enzyme?
Apoenzyme
: protein portion
Coenzyme
(cofactor): non-protein
Holoenzyme
: whole enzyme
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What are coenzymes derived from?
Vitamins
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What is NAD derived from?
Niacin
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What is FAD derived from?
Riboflavin
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What is Coenzyme A derived from?
Pantothenic acid
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What factors influence enzymatic activity?
Denaturation
of an active protein
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What does oxidation refer to?
Loss of
hydrogens
or
electrons
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What does reduction refer to?
Gain of
hydrogens
or
electrons
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What is the NAD cycle?
Involves
oxidation
and
reduction
processes
Key in
energy production
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What is carbohydrate catabolism?
Microorganisms
oxidize carbohydrates for
energy
Glucose
is the most common energy source
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What are the two processes to obtain energy from glucose?
Respiration
and
fermentation
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What is aerobic cellular respiration?
Electrons released by oxidation pass down an
Electron Transport System
Oxygen
is the final electron acceptor
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What is the general equation for aerobic cellular respiration?
Glucose
+
oxygen
→
CO2
+
water
+
ATP
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What are the four subpathways of aerobic cellular respiration?
Glycolysis
Transition Reaction
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport System
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What occurs during glycolysis?
Oxidation of
glucose
into
2
pyruvic acid
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What are the end products of glycolysis?
2
pyruvic acid
,
2
NADH2
,
2
ATP
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What is the transition reaction?
Connects glycolysis to
Krebs Cycle
End products: 2
acetyl CoA
, 2
CO2
, 2
NADH2
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What is the Krebs Cycle?
Series of reactions
beginning
and
ending
with
citric acid
Products:
2
ATP
,
6
NADH2
,
2
FADH2
,
4
CO2
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What occurs in the Electron Transport System?
Occurs within the
cell membrane
of
bacteria
Produces
34
ATP
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