Chapter 1: U.S. Health Care

• When was the ACA passed?

  March 23, 2010
• What does ACA stand for?

  Affordable Care Act
• According to the WHO, what is the best “vaccine” against common diseases?

  An adequate diet
• What is infant mortality?

  The death of a baby before their first birthday.
• What were the leading causes of infant deaths in 2017?

  Congenital malformations (birth defects), preterm birth and low birth weight, SIDS, maternal complications of pregnancy, and unintentional injuries or accidents.
• What is SIDS?

  Sudden infant death syndrome
• What does the lack of prenatal care increase?

  The likelihood that women will die a pregnancy-related death
• What does the lack of prenatal care contribute to?

  Higher rates of infant mortality
• Women who are on Medicaid during pregnancy often lose what?

  Their benefits six months after the delivery of the baby
• Unmet social needs results in what?

  Health disparities
• What are the risks that come with smoking during pregnancy?

  Birth defects such as cleft lip and cleft palate and the baby being born too early or too small.
• What are two lifestyle factors associated with a high risk for heart disease and cancer that can be changed?

  Smoking and obesity
• What are concerns about teen smoking?

  Possible harm to the developing teen brain and increased likelihood of lifelong addiction
• Most unintentional drug overdoses were because of what?

  Opioid use disorders
• Between 2000 and 2016, increases in mortality from what contributed to the recent decline in life expectancy?

  Unintentional injuries, Alzheimer's disease, suicide, and chronic liver disease
• By the late 1940s, chronic illnesses such as what accounted for nearly half of the deaths in the US?

  Heart disease and cancer
• Who remains uninsured after the ACA?

  Non-elderly adults with income below 200% of the FPL who work for an employer who doesn't provide health insurance and those who are unable to buy insurance because of the cost of the premiums
• Who is more likely to be uninsured?

  Hispanic, American Indians/Alaskan Natives, and those living in the South and West (in states that did not expand Medicaid)
• What did greater access to healthcare increase?

  Demands for providers (healthcare workers), hospitals, outpatient clinics, and home-care services.
• FPL (Federal Poverty Level)

  A measure of income level issued yearly by HHS used to determine eligibility for Medicaid, CHIP, and the cost of premiums for health insurance purchased through Health Exchanges