neuropsychhh

• How do cognitive psychologists and neuroscientists collaborate?

  They combine theories and brain structures
• What does cognitive neuroscience explain?

  Relation of brain structure to behavior
• What is an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience research?

  Identifying the location of brain functions
• How did historical research identify brain function locations?

  By studying individuals with brain damage
• Who is Phineas Gage?

  A man with a metal bar through his frontal lobe
• What happened to Clive Wearing?

  He lost the ability to form new memories
• What is Broca's area associated with?

  Speech production
• What is a limitation of studying abnormal brains?

  Small sample size may be unusual
• What does CT stand for?

  Computed tomography
• How does a CT scanner produce images?

  Using a series of x-rays
• What is a drawback of CT scans?

  They don't show brain activity
• What does PET stand for?

  Positron emission tomography
• How do PET scanners detect brain activity?

  By detecting gamma rays from tracers
• What is a limitation of PET scans?

  Radioactive tracers pose safety risks
• What does fMRI stand for?

  Functional magnetic resonance imaging
• How does an fMRI scanner work?

  Measures oxygenated vs deoxygenated blood
• What is a disadvantage of fMRI scans?

  Images are delayed, poor temporal resolution
• Who conducted a classic study using a PET scanner?

  Endel Tulving
• What did Tulving's study investigate?

  Connection between memory types and brain structure
• What was a key finding from Tulving's study?

  Semantic and episodic memories use different regions
• What is a limitation of Tulving's study sample?

  Only six participants, including himself
• What can cause neurological damage?

  Strokes and physical damage
• What happens if the motor cortex is damaged?

  Paralysis occurs on the opposite body side
• What does the frontal lobe control?

  Decision-making
• How does the limbic system affect behavior?

  It produces emotional responses
• What are the three scanning techniques discussed?

  • CT (Computed Tomography)
  • PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
  • fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of CT scans?

  Advantages:

  • High detail of brain structure
  • Cheaper than PET or fMRI

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Radiation risk from x-rays
  • Does not show brain activity
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of PET scans?

  Advantages:

  • Shows brain activity
  • Useful for studying brain function

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Limited number of scans due to radioactivity
  • Safety concerns with radioactive tracers
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of fMRI scans?

  Advantages:

  • Shows brain activity
  • No radiation dangers

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Delayed images, poor temporal resolution
  • Difficult to measure fast mental processes
• What are the effects of neurological damage?

  • Loss of function related to damaged neurons
  • Can be caused by strokes or physical damage
  • Affects motor abilities and behaviors
• How does the brain's contralateral organization affect paralysis?

  • Damage to one side of the motor cortex causes paralysis on the opposite side of the body.
• What are the roles of the frontal lobe and limbic system in behavior?

  • Frontal lobe: Controls decision-making
  • Limbic system: Produces emotional responses