3.5.2: Respiration

Cards (7)

-> Label all the stages of glycolysis, from A-G
A -> phosphorylation (of glucose)
B -> oxidation (of triose phosphaate)
C -> phosphorylation (of glucose) to glucose phosphate
D -> phosphorylation (of glucose phosphate) to hexose bisphosphate
E -> oxidation of 2 x triose phosphate to 2 x pyruvate
F -> 4 x ATP synthesis from 4ADP + 4Pi
G -> 2 x reduction of NAD to NADH/reduced NAD
In stage 1 of glycolysis, phosphorylation of glucose occurs.
Glucose phosphorylated to glucose phosphate via ATP hydrolysis
Glucose phosphate phosphorylated to hexose bisphosphate via ATP hydrolysis
Hexose bisphosphate splits into 2 x triose phosphate
In stage 2 of glycolysis, oxidation occurs.
2 x triose phosphate oxidised to 2 x pyruvate
Reduction of 2NAD -> 2NADH / 2 x reduced NAD
Synthesis of 4ATP from 4ADP + Pi
Net gain of 2ATP
Krebs' Cycle Diagram -> label all the stages
A - NAD
B - NADH / reduced NAD
C - FAD
D - FADH2 / reduced FAD
E - CO2
F - ADP + Pi
G - ATP
Link Reaction diagram -> label all stages
A - pyruvate
B - NAD
C - NADH / reduced NAD
D - CO2
E - acetate
F - Coenzyme A
Oxidative phosphorylation diagram -> Explain
NADH & FADH2 release H atoms (oxidised) into mitochondrial matrix -> NAD / FAD reformed -> return to glycolysis (NAD) /link reaction (NAD) /Krebs Cycle (NAD & FAD)
H atoms lose electrons (oxidised) -> electrons enter electron transport chain
Electrons transferred from electron carrier protein to electron carrier protein through series of redox
Releases energy -> enables ACTIVE TRANSPORT of H+ from matrix to INTERMEMBRANAL SPACE of mitochondrion
Oxidative phosphorylation diagram -> Explain (pt.2)
H+/proton gradient established -> higher H+ conc. in intermembranal space compared to matrix
H+ move from intermembranal space to matrix via embedded ATP SYNTHASE -> CHEMIOSMOSIS
… which drives the SYNTHESIS of ATP from ADP + Pi
O2 acts as the final electron acceptor of electron transport chain -> combines with (2) H+ to form H2O

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