WMM

• Is the WMM a broken down version of the STM or LTM?

  STM
• The WMM is used for the temporary storage of information that we need to use or manipulate
• What is the component of the WMM that supervises the other 3 ' slave systems ' ?

  Central executive
• Does the CE have limited or unlimited capacity?

  Limited
• Does the CE store information?

  No
• Does the PL code acoustically or semantically?

  Acoustically
• Does the PL or EB preserve the order into which information arrives?

  PL
• The PL is divided into the:

  • Phonological store - stores words you hear
  • Articulatory process - allows maintenance rehearsal - capacity of 'loop' is 2 seconds worth of what you can say
• VSS stands for the visuo-spatial sketchpad
• The VSS stores visual and what type of information?

  Spatial
• According to Baddeley, what is the limit of the VSS?

  3 to 4 objects
• VSS is subdivided into:

  • Visual cache - stores visual data
  • Inner scribe - records arrangement of objects in the visual field
• Was the EB added to the WMM in 2000 or 2006?

  2000
• The EB can be seen as the what component of the CE?

  Storage
• Does the EB have a limited or unlimited capacity?

  Limited
• How many 'chunks' is the EB's capacity?

  4
• Is the EB a temporary or permanent storage of information?

  Temporary
• What is the term used to describe the recording of events happening?

  Time sequencing
• Counting the number of windows in your house is used to illustrate the VSS
• Does the case study of Clive Wearing or KF support the WMM?

  KF
• STRENGTH OF WMM (1)

  P - Clinical Evidence - Shalice + Warrington case study of KF

  E - Brain Injury - Poor STM for auditory info but could process visual normally - Phonological loop = damaged but not visuo-spatial sketchpad

  L - Supports existence of separate visual + auditory memory stores
• COUNTER TO STRENGTH(1)

  • P - Unclear if KF had any other cognitive impairments that affected performance
  • E - Injury = motorcycle accident - trauma may have affected instead
  • L - Challenge evidence with brain injuries affecting different systems
• STRENGTH OF WMM(2)

  P - Studies of dual-task performance for separate existence of visual-spatial sketchpad

  E- Baddeley study (--)

  L - Separate subsystem that processes visual (VSS) + verbal (PL)
• (--) BADDELEY DUAL TASK

  • Pps did dual task (visual + verbal)
  • Performance = similar to when they did it separately
  • When both task = visual x 2 OR verbal x 2 … performance = worse
  • Both visual tasks compete for same subsystem (VSS)
• LIMITATION OF WMM(2)

  • P - No clarity over nature of the central executive (CE)
  • E - Baddeley - " Most important but least understood […] clearer than just ' attention ' " - Believed to have separate subsystems
  • L - CE = Poor component + challenges integrity of WMM
• Does the EB or VSS maintain a sense of time sequencing?

  EB
• What scans show that different areas are activated when doing verbal and visual tasks (PL + VSS = separate)?

  PET
• PET scans indicate brain activation in the left hemisphere with visual tasks and the right hemisphere with spatial tasks (VC + IS = separate)