Gen Physics 2

• Electric Current: Movement of charged particles in a specific directions
• charged particles can be electron (positive ion) or negative ion (electron): referred to as current carriers
• symbol of current: I (intensity of electric wire)
• water current: the amount of water flowing through any cross section of pipe per unit time.
• unit of current: coulomb per second (C/s)
• unit of current is named after Andre Marie Ampere (1775-1836). He discovered two parallel wires that flow through the same directions it attracts, and in opposite directions it repels.
• relationship between time, charge, and current is : Current= charge/time or I= q/t
• Direct Current: Current that continuous to flow in the same direction through conducting wire all the time.
• Direct Current: The kind of current we get from flashlight cell(singular) and batteries (plural).
• Alternating current: The current periodically reverses the direction it is moving. The kind of current we have at home/school.
• Electrostatics: electric charges at rest
• has 2 components: magnitude, polarity.
• Magnitude: of charge describes its strength.
• Polarity: How it interacts with other charges
• 2 types of charge polarities: positive and negative charge
• positive charge: more proton, less electron. Proton is the carrier.
• negative charge: more electron, less proton. Electrton is the carrier.
• The magnitude of these carriers is the same and is equal to 1.6 x 10^19 coulomb (C)
• Electrostatic Force: Degree of repulsion and attraction between charged particles.
• Electron current: current in a conductor brought by a potential difference between the ends of conductor
• ammeter: measures the current in electrical element
• electric field: action-at-a-distance forces that exist because of the force fields present in space.
• conductors: allows charges to flow at relative ease.
• Insulators: significant resistance to flowing charges
• when electrical circuit is off, it is called open circuit where no current flows (vice versa)
• An AND gate is an electrical circuit that combines two signals so that the output is only on when both inputs/signals are on.
• NAND is the abbreviation for NOT AND. Two NAND gate is a digital combination of logic circuit that performs the logical inverse of and AND Gate.
• OR gate is a digital gate that gives an output of 1, when any inputs are 1, otherwise 0.
• OR Gate performs two like switches in parallel supplying a light, so that when wither of the switches is closed, the light is on.
• XOR Gate is the abbreviation for EXCLUSIVELY- OR.
• XOR Gate: It is the simplest XOR gate which it has two inputs digital circuit that outs a logical 1. If two inputs differ.