Henry VII

• The marriage between Henry Tudor and Elizabeth of York united the houses of Lancaster and York
• Elizabeth was the daughter of Edward IV, making her a Yorkist princess
• The Yorkshire rebellion was in 1489, led by the Earl of Lincoln.
• The Yorkshire rebellion was in response to the tax sent out to support Brittany in an possible attack from France.
• Many of the rebellions during Henry VII's reign were in response to king's demand for money for taxation.
• The Battle of Stoke was on the June 1487.
• The Battle of Stoke was against Yorkist rebels led by the Earl of Lincoln. The Yorkist's were defeated.
• The consequences of the Battle of Stoke were the capture of Lambert Simnel and Symonds. Symonds was pardoned.
• Lambert Simnel was a pretender to the English throne in 1487. He was captured and put to work in the royal household.
• Polydore Vergil was an Italian scholar, arriving in the court of Henry VII in 1501. He impressed Henry and was encouraged to write the History of England.
• Henry VII's claim to the throne was through his mother, Margaret Beaufort. He was distantly related the Lancastrians.
• Henry VII was the first Tudor king and ruled from 1485 to 1509.
• Lambert Simnel was a young boy from Oxford who claimed to be Earl of Warwick.
• Perkin Warbeck threatened Henry's throne from 1491-1499.
• Lambert Simnel threatened Henry VII's throne from 1486 - 1487.
• The two pretenders to Henry VII's throne were Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck.
• Elizabeth of York (Henry VII's wife) died in 1503.
• Prince Arthur was the eldest son of Henry VII who died in 1502.
• The Treaty of Etaples was signed in 1492 between England and France, specifically against Yorkist rebels (Perkin Warbeck).
• The Treaty of Redon was in 1489 between Brittany and England, against France.
• Henry VII's foreign policy aims were to: maintain peace, to avoid war and to gain allies. He wanted to retain control of the crown and secure the long term future of his dynasty.
• Henry VII took the throne in 1485 from Richard III.
• Henry VII was crowned 2 months after the battle of Bosworth, in October 1485.
• The french pension was part of the treaty of Etaples where England threatened war on France. France promised £159,000, £5,000 annually, to compensate Henry.
• The Act of Resumption in 1486 was enacted by Henry VII to restore the territorial wealth and strength of the crown.
• Henry VII changed how government was run by adding the King's council (small group of advisors). He also added the "new-men" (new advisors)who came from the gentry.
• Henry publicly condemned retaining and didn't turn a blind eye to it like Edward IV did.
• Henry's patronage policy was tougher than Edward's, but he was still careful to avoid alienating the nobility. It was not used as bribes.
• The Cornish rebellion was in 1497. Finance was required for expedition to Scotland. Cornwall refused to pay. The rebels walked to London.
• The treaty of Cambrai was in 1508, between Spain, France and the Holy Roman Empire, against Venice.
• The Holy League was created in 1496. This was between Holy Roman Empire, England, Spain and Pope Alexander VI. It was against the Turks "the Muslims" (other religions).
• The Treaty of Medina del Campo was signed in 1489 between Spain. It was against France.
• The Treaty of Dordrecht was signed in 1489 between England and the Holy Roman Empire against France.
• The treaty of Blois was signed in 1505 between Spain and France against Burgundy.
• The Treaty of Ayton was signed in 1497 between England and Scotland (James IV) against the Yorkists (Warbeck).
• Henry VII conducted trade internationally when he had built up and secured himself to the throne.
• Acts of Attainder was a form of sanction used by Henry VII. They were acts that led to a family losing the right to possess its land and inherit any land. however, importantly attainders were reversible.
• Bonds and recognisances used to guarantee good behaviour.
• Bonds were written agreements in which people promised to pay a sum of money if they fail to carry out their promise.
• Recognisances were a formal acknowledgement of a debt or an obligation that already existed, with the understanding to pay money if this obligation was not met.