retrieval failure

• What is the title of the section discussed?

  Retrieval failure
• What does the theory of retrieval failure argue?

  Forgetting occurs without appropriate cues
• How does the encoding specificity principle relate to memory recall?

  It states cues must match the encoding context
• What are the two types of forgetting due to absence of cues?

  Context-dependent and state-dependent forgetting
• What is context-dependent forgetting?

  Forgetting due to different environmental contexts
• What is state-dependent forgetting?

  Forgetting due to different internal states
• How do external cues affect memory recall?

  They can trigger memories if they match
• What happens when cues are completely absent during recall?

  Forgetting is likely to occur
• What role do internal cues play in memory retrieval?

  They relate to emotional and physiological states
• What is the impact of mood on memory recall?

  Mood can enhance or impair recall
• How do external and internal cues differ in their effects on memory?

  External cues are environmental, internal cues are emotional
• Why might memories appear to be forgotten?

  They may be inaccessible without proper cues
• What is the significance of the encoding specificity principle?

  It emphasizes the importance of matching cues
• How can one improve memory recall based on these theories?

  By using relevant cues during retrieval
• What might happen in a classroom setting regarding retrieval failure?

  Students may forget information without cues
• What is the relationship between cues and memory availability?

  Cues can make memories more accessible
• What is the main focus of the discussed theories?

  Understanding why forgetting occurs
• What can be inferred about memory and cues from the material?

  Memory is highly dependent on available cues
• How does the absence of cues affect memory in different contexts?

  It leads to varied levels of recall failure
• What is the overall theme of the section?

  Forgetting due to retrieval failure
• What are cues available at learning encoding?

  Cues available at learning encoding
• How do cues at learning encoding differ from those at retrieval?

  Cues at encoding differ from retrieval cues
• What leads to retrieval failure in a classroom setting?

  Different cues lead to retrieval failure
• What is the state-dependent effect related to memory?

  Memory retrieval is affected by mood states
• How does mood affect memory retrieval?

  Mood affects memory retrieval through state dependency
• Who conducted a study on deep-sea divers and memory?

  Baddeley and Godden conducted the study
• What was the focus of Baddeley and Godden's study?

  Deep-sea divers' memory under different conditions
• What did divers learn in the study by Baddeley and Godden?

  Divers learned a list of words either on land or underwater
• What were divers asked to do after learning the words?

  Divers were asked to recall the words
• What were the four conditions created in the study?

  Learning and recalling on land or underwater
• What was the accuracy of recall in non-matching conditions?

  Recall was 40% lower in non-matching conditions
• How did external cues affect learning and recall?

  External cues affected recall differently than internal cues
• What percentage of recall was found in the study?

  23% recall was found in the study