Genetics

• Adding purple flowers and white flowers together will make some purple flowers and maybe some white flowers
• If you repeat the process of adding purple and white flowers, taking away white flowers every time, you will get a true breeding line
• Combining true-breeded purple flowers to white flowers will make all purple hybrids. If you combine purple hybrids with more purple hybrids, white flowers will slowly start to show up more.
• A recessive trait is a trait that is hidden in any given generation.
• Flowers being mixed first are the Parent Generation.
• Flowers produced from the parent generation are called the first filial Generation (or F1)
• Phenotype: observable characteristics, or traits
• Alleles: An alternative form of a gene (i.e. R=rigid r=smooth)
• Dominant alleles: mask recessive alleles
• Recessive alleles: get masked by Dominant alleles
• Genotype: The combination of alleles an organism has for a gene

  (i.e. HzD, Htrz, HzR)
• Homozygous Dominant (HzD): Two dominant traits (PP)
• Heterozygous (HtrZ): One dominant trait and one recessive trait (Pp)
• Homozygous Recessive (HzR): two recessive traits (pp)
• Dihybrid Cross: Tracking inheritance of two traits (i.e. YyRr x yyRR)
• Phenotype Ratio - dominant : recessive (_:_)
• Genotype Ratio - HzD : Htrz : HzR (_:_:_)