Energy & Temprature

• Particles have kinetic energy and potential energy
• Kinetic energy = the energy of an object due to its motion
• Potential energy = the energy due to the relative positions of particles to each other

  Further apart -> greater potential energy
• Internal energy = total kinetic and potential energies of all the particles that make up a system
• Specific heat capacity = the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree
• Increased SHC -> Increased energy needed to heat
• Change in thermal energy = mass x SHC x temperature change
• $\Delta E=$$mc\Delta \Theta$

  Delta E= change in energy

  Delta Theta = change in temp
• • Specific Latent heat is the amount of energy needed to change 1kg of a substance from one state to another with no change in temperature.
  • This is identified by horizontal lines on a temperature graph
• SLH of fusion - melting or freezing.

  SLH of vaporisation - evaporating or condensing
• Energy (E) = Mass (m) x Specific Latent Heat (L)

  E = M x L