CHAPTER 1 Criminology

• Criminology is the scientific study of crimes, criminals, and victims, dealing with the prevention and solution of crimes.
• The term Criminology came from the latin word, Criminologia, coined by Italian law professor Raffaele Garofalo.
• Paul Topinard, a French anthropologist, used the French term Criminologie.
• Crimen is Accusation, Logia is To study.
• Criminal Etiology deals with the scientific study of the causes of crimes.
• Sociology of Laws is the study of the nature of criminal law and its administration.
• Penology is the study of the control of crimes and the rehabilitation of the offender.
• Criminology is Applied Science, the application of scientific knowledge transferred into a physical environment.
• Criminology is a Social Science, a branch of science that studies the society and human behaviour in it, including anthropology, psychology, political science and sociology.
• Criminology is dynamic, it's always in motion and always active.
• Criminology is Nationalistic, crimes are studied in relation to the criminal laws applied in the country where you belong.
• Criminal demography is the study of Population and criminality.
• Criminal epidemiology is the study of Environment and criminality.
• Criminal ecology is the study of the spatial distribution in community.
• Criminal physical anthropology is the study of Physical constitution of men.
• Criminal psychology is the study of human behaviour in relation to criminality.
• Criminal psychiatry is the study of the human mind relation to criminality.
• Victimology is the study of the role of the victim in the commission of crime.
• Study of the Origin and Development of Criminal Law is a part of criminology as one cannot study crimes without studying criminal law.
• Study of the Causes of Crimes and Development of Criminals is a part of criminology as it is the study of crimes and criminals.
• Positivist School opened the development of criminology for different scientific approaches in the study of crimes (Biological, Psychological, and Sociological determinisms).
• Italian School of Criminology, where the theories collectively and born.