utilities terms

• Plumbing is the art and science of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatus for water supply and to dispose and discharge waste substances in a orderly way to ensure sanitation.
• A plumber is skilled in the field of sanitation.
• The two main objectives of plumbing are water supply and waste disposal.
• Water supply in plumbing involves conditions for effective water supply, prevention of back flow of used water, and compliance with national plumbing code.
• Waste disposal in plumbing involves fast removal of waste with no leakage and drains, no entry of vermin (pest) and obnoxious gasses, and compliance with national plumbing code.
• There are two types of waste in drainage: liquid waste and solid waste.
• Drainage piping includes soil pipe for waste from water closet and fixtures, waste pipe for waste from fixtures except water closet, and ventilation pipe or vented for gases to the atmosphere and no siphonage (back flow of water seal).
• Air gap in plumbing is a gap between a plumbing fixture's water outlet and the flood level, ensuring water can't backflow.
• Backflow in plumbing is unintended water flow into distribution pipes.
• Back siphonage in plumbing is backflow due to negative pressure, pulling used water into the supply pipe.
• Battery of fixture in plumbing is multiple fixtures connected to a common waste pipe.
• Bib in plumbing is a faucet.
• Waste Pipe is a pipe conveying liquid waste without fecal matter.
• Blind Flange in plumbing is a flange closing the end of a pipe.
• Vent Stack provides air circulation in the drainage system.
• Water Distributing Pipe conveys water from the service pipe to fixtures.
• Vent System consists of pipes for air flow in plumbing to protect traps.
• Wet Vent is a vent for non-water closet waste.
• Water Service Pipe connects the building to the water source.
• Water Supply System includes pipes, fittings, and valves for water distribution.
• Vertical Pipe is a pipe in a vertical or ≤ 45° angle position.
• Blow Off in plumbing is a controlled pipeline outlet for discharging water.
• Branch in plumbing is any pipe section aside from the main riser or stack.
• Branch Interval in plumbing is the vertical stack length connecting horizontal branches.
• Branch Vent in plumbing connects vents with vent stacks.
• Calking in plumbing is the process of sealing openings with materials like oakum and lead.
• Circuit Vent in plumbing is a branch vent serving multiple traps.
• Continuous Vent in plumbing is a vertical vent continuing the drain.
• Combination Fixtures in plumbing are fixtures combining sinks or trays in one vent.
• Combination Waste and Vent System in plumbing are pipes for multiple sink or floor drain venting.
• Common Vent in plumbing is one trap drain connected to a single trap.
• A chalk mark is drawn around a pipe, then laid on sand, and a hammer and cold chisel are used to strike the scored line, gradually cutting or parting off the pipe.
• Copper Pipe is classified into two types: The Rigid type and The Flexible type.
• Direct Connection involves careful planning of pipe layout and re-routing to reach service points, reducing fittings, pipe cutting, and threading work to minimize required work.
• Solvent welding is the simplest method for joining pipes, assembling bell and spigot joints quickly.
• Calking joints of cast iron pipe is done through the following steps: aligning pipes with the spigot inside the bell, wrapping oakum around the spigot neck, driving it into the bottom of the hub, and sealing the joint with lead monolithically around the inner hub.
• Cross Connection in plumbing is a physical connection between separate pipes with different contents.
• Working with Plastic Pipes includes measuring the face-to-face distance and adding the engagement length, using a hacksaw or handsaw for cutting, and working on one joint at a time, ensuring it is smooth and clean enough to contact the fitting shoulder, inserting the pipe into the fitting and giving it a quarter or four turn, and using a metal spring for bending copper tubes to prevent flattering.
• Connecting and cutting pipes are essential tasks in plumbing and various other applications.
• Cutting and Threading Operations requires rigid steel pipe holding with proper tools, using a 14-teeth per inch hacksaw blade, and avoiding fast cutting to avoid overheating and blade breakage.