Bacterial diseases

• Pathogens are disease-causing viruses, bacteria, fungi or protists, which can infect animals and plants.
• Humans have an immune system, which can defend them from pathogens.
• Viral diseases, bacterial diseases, protist diseases, and fungal diseases are caused by pathogens.
• Pathogens can be prevented from spreading diseases by interpreting information from graphs and using non-specific human defence systems against disease.
• The immune system in defence against disease includes the identification of pathogens, the activation of white blood cells, and the production of antibodies.
• Not all bacteria are pathogens, and some bacteria, like those found in the intestines, are useful.
• All bacteria are prokaryotes, which are single-celled microorganisms that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus and do not have a nucleus.
• The nucleus controls what happens inside the cell.
• Gonorrhoea is treated by antibiotics.
• Vaccines stimulate the body to produce antibodies to provide immunity against that disease.
• Scientists are constantly trying to find new antibiotics to treat these diseases.
• Cooking food thoroughly, after preparing it in hygienic conditions, is the best way to avoid illness.
• To prevent the spread of salmonella in the UK, all poultry are vaccinated.
• Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of most cells.
• Many of the antibiotics which were effective against bacterial diseases like gonorrhoea are not as effective as they used to be because bacteria are evolving to become resistant to existing antibiotics.
• Salmonella is often found in unhygienic kitchens, undercooked foods such as meat, eggs and poultry, or the same foods that have not been reheated properly.
• Salmonella is a genus of bacteria that causes food poisoning, often resulting in abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea.
• The plural of nucleus is nuclei.
• Unlike viruses, which are cells and so are larger but cannot be seen without a microscope, bacteria are cells and can be seen without a microscope.
• Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a bacterium.
• Gonorrhoea is a common infection, especially amongst people aged 15-24.
• Gonorrhoea causes a burning pain when urinating and often forms a thick yellow or green discharge.
• If untreated, Gonorrhoea can result in infertility.