LIT #2

• literature...

  • powerful stress reliever• fuels imagination • expands a person's vocabulary • improves a person's communication skills • encourages critical thinking • teaches readers about history
• reading literature...

  • improves concentration and focus • keeps brain active and healthy • improves a person's writing skills • can encourage empathy
• Freedom


  benefit: A democratic society must have citizens who examine the world that we inhabit andto try, to make it more closely resemble the world that we would like to inhabit. there is no better means of fomenting dissatisfaction with existence than the reading of good literature; no better means of forming critical and independent citizens who will not be manipulated by those who govern them
• Understanding Human Realities


  benefit: So literature's lies, are also a vehicle for the knowledge of the most hidden realities. The truths that it reveals are not always flattering; and sometimes the image of ourselves that emerges in the mirror of novels is the image of a monster. Yet the worst in these pages is not the blood; the worst is the discovery that this violence and this excess are not foreign tous, that they are a profound part of humanity.
• Immortality


  benefit: Literary illusion lifts and transports us outside of history, and we become citizens of a timeless land, and in this way immortal. We become more intense, richer, more complicated, happier, and more lucid than we are in the constrained routine of ordinary life.
• "In this way, good literature, genuine literature, is always subversive, unsubmissive, rebellious: a challenge to what exists."
• Rebelling from Mediocrity


  benefit: Literature is the food of the spirit, the promulgator of non-conformities, refuge for those who have too much or too little in life. Remind us that the world is badly made. We return to actual existence and compare it.
• Break from Mundane Life


  benefit: One seeks sanctuary in literature so as not to be unhappy and so as not to be incomplete. these are all ways that we have invented to divest ourselves of the wrongs and the impositions of this unjust life, a life that forces us always to be the same person when we wish to be many different people, so as to satisfy the many desires that possess us.
• Critical Mindfulness


  benefit: Without it, the real engine of historical change and the best protector of liberty, would suffer an irreparable loss. This is because all good literature is radical, and poses radical questions about the world in which we live
• Eroticism would not exist


  benefit: Love and pleasure would be poorer, they would lack delicacy and exquisiteness, they would fail to attain to the intensity that literary fantasy offers. In an illiterate world, love and desire would be no different from what satisfies animals, nor would they transcend the crude fulfillment of elementary instincts.
• Refinement of Actions


  benefit: In a surreptitious way, words reverberate in all our actions, even in those actions that seem far removed from language. And as language evolved, thanks to literature, and reached high levels of refinement and manners, it increased the possibility of human enjoyment.
• Intellect and Imagination


  benefit: This is not only a verbal limitation. It represents also a limitation in ____. It is a poverty of thought
• Language and communication


  benefit: A humanity without reading, untouched by literature, would resemble a community of deaf-mutes and aphasics
• An escape from reality


  "literary works are born, as shapeless ghosts, in the intimacy of a writer's consciousness. An artificial life, to be sure, a life imagined, a life made of language - yet men and women seek out this artificial life, because real life falls short for them, and is incapable of offering them what they want"
• The feeling of belongingness


  "allows us also to enjoy and to dream. This feeling of membership in the collective human experience across time and space is the highest achievement of culture, and nothing contributes more to its renewal in every generation than literature"
• A vision of humanity


  "nothing teaches us better than literature to see, in ethnic and cultural differences, the richness of the human patrimony, and to prize those differences as a manifestation of humanity's multi-faceted creativity"
• Protection against stupidity of relevant social issues


  "prejudice, racism, religious or political sectarianism, and exclusivist nationalism than this truth that invariably appears in great literature: that men and women of all nations and places are essentially equal, and that only injustice sows among them discrimination, fear, and exploitation"
• Common denominator if human experiences


  "through which human beings may recognize themselves and converse with each other, no matter how different their professions, their life plans, their geographical and cultural locations, their personal circumstances"
• solipsism


  the quality of being self-centered or selfish
• barbaric


  uncivilized and have a poverty of thought
• Millions of human beings who could read but have decided not to read


  #3 According to Llosa's observations, what causes the decrease in the number of people who read?
• Literature has become more and more a female activity


  #2 According to Llosa's observations, what causes the decrease in the number of people who read?
• dispensable


  able to be replaced or done without
• The widespread conception of "Literature is a dispensable activity"


  #1 According to Llosa's observations, what causes the decrease in the number of people who read?
• Mario Vargas Llosa


  "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat"
• Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa


  • born March 28, 1936 / Arequipa, Peru • Peruvian and Spanish writer • commitment to social change is evident in his novels, plays, and essays • was an unsuccessful candidate forpresident of Peru in 1990 • was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature
• Literature also functions more broadly in society as a means of both criticizing and affirming cultural values.
• As an art, literature might be described as the organization of words to give pleasure. Yet through words, literature elevates and transforms experience beyond 'mere' pleasure.
• Utile (usefulness)


  to instruct, to inform the audience
• Dulce (sweetness)


  to entertain, to delight the audience
• Horace


  Roman poet who emphasized the two functions of literature
• Style


  • refers to the distinct way the author expresses his/her/their thoughts • words can be used in unique, creative, and entertaining ways that make the work memorable
• Spiritual Value


  • lifts the inner spirit and soul and has the power to motivate and inspire readers • typically draws on the suggested lessons and moral codes of society depicted in various literary genres
• Spiritual Value


  • makes the reader reflect • impact of the text
• Intellectual Value


  • makes the reader think and question their stance/perspective • a text can be interpreted in many ways
• Intellectual Value


  • promotes critical thinking that enhances both abstract and reason-based thought processes and makes readers focus on the fundamental truths of life and nature
• Suggestiveness


  • unravels man's emotional power to define symbolism, nuances, implied meanings, images, and message • subtlety of literature
• Suggestiveness


  • allows the work to inspire and provoke thoughts and understanding beyond the actual words written on the page • reading between the lines
• Artistry


  • balance of form and content • word choice and organization
• Artistry


  • aesthetically appealing and reveals or conveys hidden truth and beauty • possesses a sense of beauty in the writing that could even feel poetic