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SCALP, SKULL, FACE
Anatomy
29 cards
Cards (106)
Posterior Triangle Boundaries:
Anteriorly
:
posterior
border of
sternocleidomastoid
Posteriorly
:
anterior
border of
trapezius
Inferiorly
:
superior
border of
clavicle
Roof
:
platysma
and
investing
layer of the
deep cervical fascia
Floor
:
splenius capitis
,
levator scapulae
,
anterior
/
middle
/posterior scalene muscles
View source
Posterior Triangle Contents:
Accessory nerve
Cutaneous branches
of
cervical plexus
External jugular vein
Posterior
(
inferior
)
belly
of the
omohyoid
–
roots
and
trunks
of the
brachial plexus
Transverse cervical
and
suprascapular vessels
View source
Posterior Triangle Division:
Further divided into
Occipital
and
Subclavian
(Suprascapular or
omoclavicular
) triangles by the
posterior belly
of
omohyoid
View source
Anterior Triangle Boundaries:
Anteriorly:
anteromedian
line of the
neck
Posteriorly:
anterior
border of
sternocleidomastoid
Inferiorly:
inferior
border of the
mandible
Roof:
platysma
; investing layer of the
deep cervical fascia
View source
Muscles of the Neck:
Cervical muscles:
Platysma
Sternocleidomastoid
Suprahyoid muscles:
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Infrahyoid muscles:
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
View source
Nerves Found in the Neck:
Accessory nerve
formed by the
union
of
cranial
and
spinal roots
Cervical plexus
formed by the
ventral rami
of the first
4 cervical nerves
Brachial plexus
formed by the
union
of the
ventral rami
of
C5-C8
and
T1 spinal nerves
; pass between the
anterior scalene
and
middle scalene muscles
View source
Blood Vessels:
Arteries:
Subclavian
Common carotid
Internal Carotid
External Carotid
View source
Veins:
Retromandibular vein
External jugular vein
Internal jugular vein
View source
Deep Structures of the Neck:
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Thyroid cartilage
Sympathetic trunk
Ansa subclavia
View source
Carotid Sheath:
Common
and
internal
carotid arteries
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
View source
Cervical Fascia (Fascia of the Neck):
1. Investing layer of
deep cervical fascia
surrounds
neck
and splits around
sternocleidomastoid
,
trapezius
,
suprahyoid
, and
infrahyoid
2.
Prevertebral
layer surrounds
vertebral column
and
muscles
back of neck
3.
Pretracheal
layer surrounds
trachea
,
esophagus
, and
thyroid
4.
Carotid sheath
surrounds
common
and
internal carotid
, internal and external jugular
View source
Lymph Drainage of the Head and Neck:
Occipital
LN
Retroauricular
LN
Parotid
LN
Buccal
(facial) LN
Submandibular
LN
Submental
LN
Anterior Cervical
LN
Superficial Cervical
LN
Retropharyngeal
LN
Laryngeal
LN
Tracheal
LN
View source
Thyroid Gland:
Right
and
left
lobes connected by a
narrow isthmus
Pyramidal
lobe projects
upward
from
isthmus
Attached to the
larynx
and
trachea
by a
sheath
View source
Thyroid Gland (Relations of the Lobes):
Anteriorly
: sternothyroid, superior belly of the omohyoid, sternohyoid, anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Posteriorly
: carotid sheath
Medially
: larynx, trachea, pharynx, esophagus
View source
Thyroid Gland (Blood Supply:
Arteries
):
Superior
thyroid artery branch of
external
carotid artery
Inferior
thyroid artery branch of
thyrocervical
trunk
Thyroidea
ima from
brachiocephalic
or
aorta
View source
Thyroid Gland
(
Blood Supply
:
Veins
):
Superior Thyroid Vein
drains to
internal
jugular
vein
Middle Thyroid Vein
drains to
internal
jugular
vein
Inferior Thyroid Vein
drains into
left
brachiocephalic
vein
View source
Parathyroid
Gland:
Ovoid
bodies about
6
mm long
Usually
4
in number
Intimately related to the posterior border of the Thyroid gland
Control the body's
calcium
levels
Each gland is about the size of a grain of
rice
and produces
parathyroid
hormone (
PTH
)
View source
Superior Parathyroid Glands (2):
More constant position:
middle
of the
posterior border
of the
thyroid
View source
Inferior Parathyroid Glands
(
2
):
Close to the
inferior
pole of the
thyroid
View source
Parathyroid Gland
(
Blood Supply
):
Arterial supply
is from the
Superior
and
Inferior thyroid arteries
View source
Posterior Triangle Boundaries:
Anteriorly
:
posterior
border of
sternocleidomastoid
Posteriorly
:
anterior
border of
trapezius
Inferiorly
:
superior
border of
clavicle
Roof
:
platysma
and
investing
layer of the
deep cervical fascia
Floor
:
splenius capitis
,
levator scapulae
,
anterior
/
middle
/posterior scalene muscles
View source
Posterior Triangle Contents:
Accessory nerve
Cutaneous branches
of
cervical plexus
External jugular vein
Posterior
(
inferior
)
belly
of the
omohyoid
–
roots
and
trunks
of the
brachial plexus
Transverse cervical
and
suprascapular vessels
View source
Posterior Triangle Division:
Further divided into
Occipital
and
Subclavian
(Suprascapular or
omoclavicular
) triangles by the
posterior belly
of
omohyoid
View source
Anterior Triangle Boundaries:
Anteriorly:
anteromedian
line of the
neck
Posteriorly:
anterior
border of
sternocleidomastoid
Inferiorly:
inferior
border of the
mandible
Roof:
platysma
; investing layer of the
deep cervical fascia
View source
Muscles of the Neck:
Cervical muscles:
Platysma
Sternocleidomastoid
Suprahyoid muscles:
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Infrahyoid muscles:
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
View source
Nerves Found in the Neck:
Accessory nerve
formed by the
union
of
cranial
and
spinal roots
Cervical plexus
formed by the
ventral rami
of the first
4 cervical nerves
Brachial plexus
formed by the
union
of the
ventral rami
of
C5-C8
and
T1 spinal nerves
; pass between the
anterior scalene
and
middle scalene muscles
View source
Blood Vessels:
Arteries:
Subclavian
Common carotid
Internal Carotid
External Carotid
Veins:
Retromandibular vein
External jugular vein
Internal jugular vein
View source
Deep Structures of the Neck:
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Thyroid cartilage
Sympathetic trunk
Ansa subclavia
View source
Carotid Sheath:
Common
and
internal
carotid arteries
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
View source
Cervical Fascia (Fascia of the Neck):
1. Investing layer of
deep cervical fascia
surrounds
neck
and splits around
sternocleidomastoid
,
trapezius
,
suprahyoid
, and
infrahyoid
2.
Prevertebral
layer surrounds
vertebral column
and
muscles
back of neck
3.
Pretracheal
layer surrounds
trachea
,
esophagus
, and
thyroid
4.
Carotid sheath
surrounds
common
and
internal carotid
, internal and external jugular
View source
Lymph Drainage of the Head and Neck:
Occipital
LN
Retroauricular
LN
Parotid
LN
Buccal
(facial) LN
Submandibular
LN
Submental
LN
Anterior Cervical
LN
Superficial Cervical
LN
Retropharyngeal
LN
Laryngeal
LN
Tracheal
LN
View source
Thyroid Gland:
Right
and
left
lobes connected by a
narrow isthmus
Pyramidal
lobe projects
upward
from
isthmus
Attached to the
larynx
and
trachea
by a
sheath
View source
Thyroid Gland (Relations of the Lobes):
Anteriorly
: sternothyroid, superior belly of the omohyoid, sternohyoid, anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Posteriorly
: carotid sheath
Medially
: larynx, trachea, pharynx, esophagus
View source
Thyroid Gland (Blood Supply:
Arteries
):
Superior
thyroid artery branch of
external
carotid artery
Inferior
thyroid artery branch of
thyrocervical
trunk
Thyroidea
ima from
brachiocephalic
or
aorta
View source
Thyroid Gland
(
Blood Supply
:
Veins
):
Superior Thyroid Vein
drains to
internal jugular vein
Middle Thyroid Vein
drains to
internal jugular vein
Inferior Thyroid Vein
drains into
left
brachiocephalic vein
View source
Parathyroid Gland
:
Ovoid bodies
about
6 mm long
Usually
4 in number
Intimately related to the posterior border of the Thyroid gland
Control the body's
calcium levels
Each gland is about the size of a
grain
of
rice
and produces
parathyroid hormone
(
PTH
)
Superior parathyroid glands
more constant position in the middle of the posterior border of the thyroid
Inferior parathyroid
glands close to the inferior pole of the thyroid
Arterial supply is from the Superior and Inferior thyroid arteries
View source
Posterior Triangle Boundaries:
Anteriorly
:
posterior
border of
sternocleidomastoid
Posteriorly
:
anterior
border of
trapezius
Inferiorly
:
superior
border of
clavicle
Roof
:
platysma
and
investing
layer of the
deep cervical fascia
Floor
:
splenius capitis
,
levator scapulae
,
anterior
/
middle
/posterior scalene muscles
View source
Posterior Triangle Contents:
Accessory nerve
Cutaneous branches
of
cervical plexus
External jugular vein
Posterior
(
inferior
)
belly
of the
omohyoid
–
roots
and
trunks
of the
brachial plexus
Transverse cervical
and
suprascapular vessels
View source
Posterior Triangle Division:
Further divided into
Occipital
and
Subclavian
(Suprascapular or
omoclavicular
) triangles by the
posterior belly
of
omohyoid
View source
Anterior Triangle Boundaries:
Anteriorly:
anteromedian
line of the
neck
Posteriorly:
anterior
border of
sternocleidomastoid
Inferiorly:
inferior
border of the
mandible
Roof:
platysma
; investing layer of the
deep cervical fascia
View source
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