Ground shaking during an earthquake is the disruptive up and down sideways motion experienced, which is the primary cause of earthquake damage to man-made structures
Ground rupture is the visible breaking and displacement of the ground due to the movement of the fault, which can be vertical, lateral, or a combination of both
Liquefaction occurs when the ground loses stiffness and behaves like liquid in response to earthquakes, causing sediments to compress and fluids to be squeezed out
Landslides are the downslope movement of rocks or sediments under the influence of gravity, which can be induced by earthquakes along with extended periods of rainfall, lack of vegetation, and oversteepened slopes
Tsunamis are series of waves generated by large-scale displacements of water triggered by earthquakes, which can be local or regional and cause damage depending on flooding, wave impact on structures, and erosion
Signs of an approaching tsunami include prolonged severe ground shaking, receding sea level, loud roaring sounds, and a huge incoming wall of water. If in such a situation, evacuate to higher ground immediately and stay clear of low-lying or coastal areas even after the first wave has struck