cold war

• Imre Nagy, a former prime minister of Hungary, believed in allowing personal freedoms within a communist regime
• In 1956, during the Hungarian Uprising, Nagy announced reforms including reorganizing the government to include members of non-communist parties and releasing political prisoners
• Nagy's reforms included persuading Khrushchev to withdraw Soviet troops from Hungary
• In October 1956, riots in Budapest led to clashes between protesters and police, resulting in Soviet troops being sent to restore order
• Khrushchev agreed to Nagy becoming the new prime minister of Hungary and accepted reforms to calm the unrest
• On November 4, 1956, Soviet troops returned to Budapest after a bloody street battle, regaining control
• Khrushchev replaced Rakosi with Nagy in hopes of calming the protests in Hungary
• Desires of the three nations from the alliance

  • USA: Support of Stalin to defeat the Japanese
  • USSR: USA and Britain to open up a second front in Western Europe
  • Britain: Support in defeating Nazism and defending its empire
• Agreement that the Soviet Union would gain land from Poland and an international body to settle disputes should be set up
• On the 7th of May 1945, the Nazis surrendered and the war was over
• Series of conferences


  Decide how the alliance would work together and what would happen after the war
• Dispute over membership for some nations within the Soviet Union
• USA and Britain invaded Western Europe in the D-Day landings in June 1944
• Grand alliance members met in Yalta in modern-day Ukraine in February 1945 to discuss the future of Germany
• Agreement to set up the United Nations to police disputes between nations
• By the beginning of 1945, it was clear that the Nazis were in retreat
• President Roosevelt died on the 12th of April 1945 and was replaced by Harry S. Truman
• Decision to split Germany into four zones controlled by the USSR, USA, Britain, and France
• First conference held at Tehran in Iran in December 1943
• Agreement to invade Western Europe in May 1944 to ease pressure on the USSR and defeat the Nazis
• Agreement that future elections in the USSR would be free
• No formal agreement on the future of Germany was reached
• Agreement for a free election in Poland to act as a buffer zone to prevent future invasion
• Reasons the grand alliance was an uneasy agreement between polar opposites united in the goal of removing the Nazis
• Communism

  • All property is taken by the state, no private companies or land exist, profits of businesses are for the good of all, government controls prices of goods, prioritizes society over the individual
• The Russian Revolution took place

  1917
• Stalin used the excuse of purging Russia of his opponents to justify the murders
• No other political party was allowed to stand for election in Russia
• Capitalism created huge inequality with property owners being much wealthier than employees
• The Cold War was a period of tension between the USA and the USSR
• Communism

  An ideology based on the work of Karl Marx aiming to create an equal classless society where all property is owned by the state
• Democratic capitalism


  An economic system where private ownership and competition determine prices and wages, leading to inequality of opportunity and education
• Under Stalin's rule, up to 1.2 million people were murdered in Russia
• Newspapers in Russia were forced to print what the Soviet government wanted and bad news was censored
• Truman approached the Potsdam conference aggressively

  He did not want to give Stalin room to get out of any prior agreements
• When did the Nazis get invaded and then surrendered?

  7th of May 1945
• President Roosevelt died

  12th of April 1945
• President Roosevelt died on the 12th of April 1945


  He was replaced by the younger and less experienced Harry S Truman
• Stalin started to back out of the initial promises of free elections for all Soviet-occupied nations


  He began to install communist governments who would do the will of the Soviet Union
• Poland's border with the Soviet Union was moved west


  As agreed, giving the USSR the land it felt had been taken from it