Literature

• Literature is any piece of material that is written, printed, or recorded in any form.
• What is prose?


  Prose fiction is a genre of literature that is different from poetry and drama.
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  The plot is the sequence of the events which occurs in a story.

  This is called the Chronoglogical plot

  Introduction

  Rising Action

  Climax

  Falling Action

  Conclusion/ Resolution
• elements of the story/plot

  Media Res(in the middle of things)

  This story begins in the middle of all the action (climax). This starts at the climax and continues at the introduction
• Flashback- This type of structure begins at the end of the story after all the action has ended. This is usually the memory of a character.
• A character is a person, animal, or thing who plays a part in a story or play. A character can be fictional or nonfictional.
• Types of Characters-

  Protagonist- this is considered the hero in the story
• Antagonist- this character is the one who opposes the hero
• Main character- this is the most important character in the story. The events in the story are based on this character
• Major character- this character plays a very important role in the story.
• Minor characters- these characters do not play any significant role in the story. Their actions do not contribute to the development of the plot
• Round character- this type of character develops/changes throughout the story
• Flat character- this type of character does not experience any type of development throughout the story
• What makes a good character?

  Development

  Relatable

  Realistic

  May not always be likeable

  Has a strong point of view
• Setting- the setting of a story can be defined as the time and place in which the events in the story occur. There are many factors which can help the reader to identify the setting

  Examples- weather, clothing, furniture, buildings and many other factors.
• POV- Point of View, how the story is told, what the narrator is saying, how the story is told. It is the perspective of the narrator. Also known as the narrative perspective. Your story can have more than one perspective
• First-person perspective- This is where a story is told from the character's perspective into the story. This character can provide an internal perspective of events which occurred
• Second-person perspective- this type of perspective allows the reader to become a participant in the story. The narrator speaks directly to the reader
• Third person limited- this type of perspective only focuses on one or two characters at a time. The narrator cannot see inside their heads but they do know what they think and feel
• Third person omniscient- this type of perspective provides insight into all characters thoughts and feelings. The narrator has access to everything that happens within the story.
• Tone- Tone refers to the attitude of the author towards the subject matter of the text. It is often conveyed through language choices such as diction (word choice) and syntax (sentence structure)
• A conflict is a clash or struggle between two opposing forces in a piece of literature
• Internal conflict- this type of conflict occurs when the character has a personal decision to make. They are usually unsure as to which decision they should make.
• External conflict- this type of conflict involves an outside force acting against the protagonist. This can be another character, nature or society
• Types of external conflict

  Man vs Man

  Man vs Nature

  Man vs Society

  Man vs Circumstances

  Man vs Technology
• Theme- The theme is the main message or central idea of the plot. This is the message the author wants you to know and remember even often at the end of the story
• Allegory- An allegory is a narrative with symbolic significance representing hidden meaning beneath the surface level of the story.
• Motif- A motif is a recurring image, word, phrase, situation, or concept that appears more than once within a literary work.
• Common themes in literature

  Love

  Fate

  Friendship

  Revenge

  Happiness

  Betrayal

  Courage

  Defying the odds
• Literary devices used by authors to convey their messages include metaphors, similes, personification, allusion, hyperbole, onomatopoeia, imagery, foreshadowing, irony, paradox, oxymoron, repetition, and symbolism.
• Subplot- a secondary plot that runs parallel with the main plot