chapter 9 and 10

• which vitamins act as coenzymes in metabolic pathways? Water- soluble vitamins, Thiamine, Fat-soluble vitamins
• • Do vitamins provide energy?They do not provide energy themselves, but a deficiency of any vitamin can cause a lack of energy and other serious health problems
• Fat-soluble vitamins are more likely to lead to toxicity than water-soluble vitamins
• • Which vitamins are fat-soluble?There are four fat-soluble (hydrophobic) vitamins—A, D, E, and K
• • Which vitamins are water soluble?Folate, Biotin, pantothenic acid, c vitamin, Niacin. And B Vitamins: B12, Thiamin (B1), Riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine
• How are fat soluble and water soluble vitamins transported? Water soluble vitamins are transported by the portal vein and fat soluble vitamins are transported by the lymphatic system
• Symptoms of Vitamin D deficiency: rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis
• rickets: bones are not adequately mineralized and become bowed under the weight of the body due to lack of bone strength.
• Osteomalacia: adult equivalent of rickets.
• • Osteoporosis: a decline in bone density which increases fracture risk.
• antioxidants purpose in the body : group of compounds that neutralize free radicals helping to counteract the oxidation that takes place in cells. Include selenium, vitamin E, vitamin C, flavonoids, carotenoids