Strategy to Epidemiology

• Epidemilogic approach:

  Examine existing facts

  Generate Hypothesis

  Test Hypothesis

  Conclude: Generate facts
• Epidemiologic Hypothesis is a testable statement of a putative raltionship between exposure (independent variable) and outcome (dependent variable)
• What branch of epidemiology does distribute, describe and generate hypothesis?

  Descriptive
• What branch of epidemiology does determine, examines and text hypothesis?

  Analytic
• Give 4 components of an ideal epidemiologic hypothesis?

  Cause, Effects, Population, exposure, time-response
• Give 2 example of Epidemiologic Hypothesis?

  Bad & Good hypothesis
• What are the 3 types of Formulating Hypothesis?

  Method of Agreement, Difference, Concomitant Variation
• What method is when the 2 instances of an event are compared to see what they have in common?

  Method of Agreement
• What method is when two instances of an event are compared to see what they do not have in common?

  Method of Difference
• What method is when the causal connection between two conditions by matching variations in one condition with variation in another?

  Method of Concomitant Variation
• Counterfactual Scenarion is a "what-if" setting, a borrowed concept from the study of history, and approximated by comparison group in analytic epidemiologic studies.
• Cross-sectional study is also called as Prevalence study.
• Cross-sectional is when exposure and outcome status are measured at one point in time
• Cohort study is longitudinal, prospective, observational. It also when exposure is measured at present time and te participants are followed up to measure outcome at future time
• Case-control study is also called TROHOC study. This is when the outcome is measured at present time and exposure of the participants in the past is estimated.
• Experimental is a cohort study only with assignment/manipulation of exposure randomization/random allocation and provide strongest causal inference.