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Subdecks (10)
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Chemistry > Organic
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Cards (163)
Alkenes are
unsaturated
hydrocarbons that contain at least
one double
bond between
carbon
atoms.
General formula for alkenes:
CnH2n
Alkenes are vulnerable to attack because:
Pi
bonds are exposed
High
electron density
Electrophiles
attack
The most stable carbocation is
tertiary
, followed by
secondary
, then
primary.
Why is there no rotation about the C=C double bond?
Pi
bond causes
restricted rotation
What intermolecular forces of attraction do alkenes have?
Van der waals
Conditions needed for the electrophilic addition of a hydroxyl group to an alkene?
Presence of an
acid catalyst.
Typically either:
Sulfuric acid
Phosphoric acid
Give 3 uses of poly(chloroethene):
PVC
Drainpipes
Vinyl
Aprons
Why do things containing mainly C-C and C-H bonds not decompose easily? Bonds are
inert
so are not attacked by
enzymes
What are plasticisers?
Small molecules
that get between
polymer chains
to
increase
the
distance
between them and allow them to become
flexible
Addition reactions to unsymmetrical alkenes lead to
2
geometric
isomers
Reaction of Hydrogen halides with alkenes:
Reagent:
HCl
or
HBr
Conditions:
Room temperature
Type of Mechanism:
Electrophilic addition
Type of Reagent:
Electrophile
prefix for bezene:
Phenyl
evidence against Kukele's model for benzene?
Bond lengths
Does not react with
Bromine water
Should have
4
isomers but only
3
exist
bond angles are all the
same
dehydrogenation value is
larger
that it should be
what are the friedal crafts reactions for benzene?
alkylation
acylation
catalyst needed for alkylation?
AlCl3
Reagents required for the
nitration
of benzene:
Concentrated Sulfuric acid
concentrated nitric acid
HNO3
+
H2SO4
→
NO2+
+
HSO3-
+
H2O
Electrophilic subsitution of benzene?
.
See all 163 cards