Organic

    Subdecks (10)

    Cards (163)

    • Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms.
    • General formula for alkenes: CnH2n
    • Alkenes are vulnerable to attack because:
      • Pi bonds are exposed
      • High electron density
      • Electrophiles attack
    • The most stable carbocation is tertiary, followed by secondary, then primary.
    • Why is there no rotation about the C=C double bond?
      Pi bond causes restricted rotation
    • What intermolecular forces of attraction do alkenes have?
      Van der waals
    • Conditions needed for the electrophilic addition of a hydroxyl group to an alkene?
      Presence of an acid catalyst.
      Typically either:
      Sulfuric acid
      Phosphoric acid
    • Give 3 uses of poly(chloroethene):
      • PVC
      • Drainpipes
      • Vinyl Aprons
    • Why do things containing mainly C-C and C-H bonds not decompose easily? Bonds are inert so are not attacked by enzymes
    • What are plasticisers?
      Small molecules that get between polymer chains to increase the distance between them and allow them to become flexible
    • Addition reactions to unsymmetrical alkenes lead to 2 geometric isomers
    • Reaction of Hydrogen halides with alkenes:
      Reagent: HCl or HBr
      Conditions: Room temperature
      Type of Mechanism: Electrophilic addition
      Type of Reagent: Electrophile
    • prefix for bezene: Phenyl
    • evidence against Kukele's model for benzene?
      Bond lengths
      Does not react with Bromine water
      Should have 4 isomers but only 3 exist
      bond angles are all the same
      dehydrogenation value is larger that it should be
    • what are the friedal crafts reactions for benzene?
      alkylation
      acylation
    • catalyst needed for alkylation?
      AlCl3
    • Reagents required for the nitration of benzene:
      Concentrated Sulfuric acid
      concentrated nitric acid
      HNO3 + H2SO4NO2+ + HSO3-+ H2O
    • Electrophilic subsitution of benzene?
      .