Surveying

• Total Station - an electronic theodolite that can also be used as an EDM (electronic distance meter)
• Tachymeter - an optical device that measures distance by measuring the time it takes light to travel from one point to another
• GPS - Global Positioning System
• Geomatics


  The science concerned with the measurement, representation, analysis, management, retrieval and display of spatial information describing both the Earth's physical features and the built-in environment
• Surveying


  The art and science of determining angular and linear measurements to establish the form, extent, and relative position of points, lines, and areas on or near the surface of the earth or on other extraterrestrial bodies through applied mathematics and the use of specialized equipment and techniques
• Surveyor


  A professional person with the academic qualifications and technical expertise to practice the science of measurement, assemble and assess geographic-related information, use that information for the purpose of planning and implementing the efficient administration of the land, the sea and structures thereon, and instigate the advancement and development of such practices
• EGYPT (2780 BC): Side of the pyramid align with the true meridian and with nearly perfect square base;
• Babylon (4000 BC): Tax maps and land ownership; Clay tablets contain records of lands (measurements of lands, signature of the surveyor); Sexagesimal system is in use (DMS)
• Eratosthenes (276 BC-194 BC): FATHER OF GEOGRAPHY Estimated the circumference of the Earth at around 39,690 km (with less than 2% error)
• The mean surface of the earth is considered as a plane, or in which its spheroidal shape is neglected
• Plane Surveying takes into account the true shape of the earth
• Types of Surveys

  • Control Survey
  • Property Survey
  • Topographic Survey
  • Hydrographic Survey
  • Mine Survey
  • Route Survey
  • Construction Survey
  • Photogrammetric Survey
• Control Survey consists of establishment of the horizontal and vertical positions of arbitrary points
• Property Survey is performed to determine the length and direction of lot lines and to establish the position of these lines on the ground
• Topographic Survey is made to secure data from which may be made a topographic map indicating the configuration of the terrain and the location of natural and human-made objects
• Hydrographic Survey refers to surveys of bodies of water for the purposes of navigation, water supply, or subaqueous construction
• Mine Survey utilizes the principles for land, geologic and topographic surveying to control, locate and map underground and surface works related to mining operations
• Route Survey refers to those control, topographic and construction surveys necessary for the location and construction of lines of transportation or communication, such as highways, railroads, canals, transmission lines and pipelines
• Construction Survey is performed to lay out, locate and monitor public and private engineering works
• Photogrammetric Survey utilizes the principle of aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry, in which measurements made on photographs are used to determine the positions of photographed objects
• Types of Surveys relevant to Architecture

  • Property/Boundary
  • Topographic
  • Construction/As-Built
  • Route/Utility
  • Photogrammetric
  • Other (Non-GE): Geotechnical
• Geomatics is the science concerned with measurement, representation, analysis, management, retrieval, and display of spatial information
• Surveying: Is the art and science of determining angular and linear measurements to establish the form, extend and relative position of points, lines and areas on or near the surface of the earth or on other extraterrestrial bodies through applied mathematics and the use of specialized equipment and techniques
• Harpedonapata: Ancient Egyptian Surveyors
• Eratosthenes: Father of geography, he was the first to measure the circumference of the earth at 39,690 (less than 2 percent error)
• Geodetic surveying takes in to account the true shape of the earth
• Asst. Chief of party: Assist the chief of the party in accomplishment of the task assigned to the survey party