Policy

• Policy


  A definite course or method of action selected from among alternatives and in light of given conditions to guide and determine present and future decisions
• Policy


  A set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that has been agreed to officially by a group of people, a business organization, a government, or a political party
• Public Policy


  A course of action created and/or enacted, typically by a government, in response to public, real-world problems
• Public Policy


  A set of interrelated decisions taken by a political actor or group of actors concerning the selection of goals and means of achieving them within a specified situation where those decisions should in principle, be within the power of those actors to achieve
• Agricultural Policy


  A set of laws relating to domestic agriculture and imports of foreign agricultural products
• Agricultural Policy


  Governments usually implement agricultural policies with the goal of achieving a specific outcome in the domestic agricultural product markets
• Development


  A process that creates growth, progress, positive change or the addition of physical, economic, environmental, social and demographic components
• Development


  Purpose of development is a rise in the level and quality of life the population, and the creation or expansion of local regional income and employment opportunities, without damaging the resources of the environment
• Development


  It is visible and useful, not necessarily immediately, and includes an aspect of quality change and the creation of conditions for a continuation of that change
• Economic Development


  The creation of wealth from which a community benefits are realized
• Economic Development


  It is more than a jobs program, it's an investment in growing your economy and enhancing the prosperity and quality of life for all residents
• Sustainable Development


  An approach to economic planning that attempts to foster economic growth while preserving the quality of the environment for future generations
• Sustainable Development


  The concept proved difficult to apply, primarily because the results of long-term sustainability analyses depend on the particular resources focused upon
• Importance of Policy Making

  • Policies provide guidance, consistency, accountability, efficiency, and clarity on how an organization operates
  • This offers members of the co-operatives guidelines and principles to follow
• Purpose of Policy Making

  • Set clear expectations
  • To put in writing what the company expects from employees in terms of the behavior, actions, and processes they take in specific scenarios
• Importance of Policies in the Workplace

  • It helps reinforce and clarify the standards expected of employees and help employers manage staff more effectively as it defines what is acceptable, unacceptable in the workplace
  • Performance management and employee development policy
• Purpose of Policies and Procedures

  To influence and determine all major decisions, actions, and all activities take place within the boundaries set by them
• Procedure


  Specific methods employed to express policies in action day-by-day operations of the organization
• Stages in Policy Making

  Howlett and Ramesh's model

  1. Agenda Setting

  2. Policy Information

  3. Adoption (Decision Making)

  4. Implementation

  5. Evaluation
• Agenda Setting


  • The process, a policy and the problem it is intended to address are acknowledge to be of public interest
• Types of Agenda

  • Discussion Agenda or Public Agenda
  • Decision Agenda
• Policy Information


  • Public administration concerned examines the various policy options it considers to be possible solutions
  • Coalitions of actors strive, through the use of advocacy strategies, to gain priority for one specific interpretation of both the problem and its solution
  • Power relationships crystallize, determining the direction a policy will take
• Adoption (Decision Making)


  • Which decisions are made at the governmental level, resulting in a decision that favors one or more approaches to addressing a given problem
• Implementation


  • Policy's implementation parameters are established, which can directly affect the eventual outcome of the policy
  • Sabatier and Mazmanian's factors to determine the actual effects of a policy and how well it achieves its objective
• Evaluation


  • A policy is evaluated, to verify its implementation and its effects are aligned with the objectives that were explicitly or implicitly set out
• Factors Influencing the Policy Process

  • Knowledge and Innovation
  • Social, political and economic context
  • Legal Framework
  • Specific Events
  • Institutional Influences
  • External Influences
• Development Perspectives in Policy Making

  • As Economic Growth
  • As Modernization
  • As Human Right/ Right Based Approach
  • As Human Development
• Factors influencing the policy process

  Knowledge and Innovation

  -          Catalyzing new debates and/or creating awareness of new opportunities.
• Factors influencing the policy process

  Social, political and economic context:

  -          Priorities in political and development terms, openness to international influences.

  -          Resources likely to be available to policy makers and so on.

  -          Who can participate in policy and how, and it defines the forms of legitimacy of and governance associated with environment management and policy processes.
• FACTORS INFLUENCING THE POLICY PROCESS

  Legal Framework:

  -          Specific laws directly related to chemical health risk management.

  -          Laws that define institutional processes (the information of co-operatives and the role of local government) and government budgets and procedure.