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ELECTRIC CURCUITS
Electric curcuits cont.
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Jesse Wheatley
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The current is the same throughout all parts of the circuit.
Electric circuit
A flow of charge
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Electric current
The rate of flow of charge
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Cell or battery
Produces an electric current by providing electrical potential energy to make charge move
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Voltage or potential difference
The ability of a cell to produce current
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The circuit must be closed for charge to flow
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Potential difference
Measured using a voltmeter connected in parallel
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Unit of potential difference
Volt (V), one volt = one joule per coulomb (J•C-1)
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Electric current is the rate of flow of charge, current needs a closed circuit, current flows everywhere in the circuit
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Series circuit
Current is the same everywhere
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Metals
Current consists of electrons that flow
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Conventional current
The flow of positive charge
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Unit of current (I)
Ampere (A)
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Formula for current
I = Q/Δt
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Current measurement
Using an ammeter connected in series
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Electromotive force (emf)
The maximum energy provided by a battery per coulomb of charge moving through it
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Terminal potential difference
The voltage measured across the terminals of the battery when current is flowing through the circuit
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Load
The combined effect of all the items such as light bulbs, resistors that cause charges to do work/transfer energy - known as total resistance
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Conventional current is the flow of positive charge
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The direction of current does not affect the size of current /voltage /readings in a circuit
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Brightness of a bulb is a measure of current strength
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Bulbs in series
Current is the same everywhere (identical bulbs are equally bright)
The higher the terminal voltage, the brighter the bulb
The greater the number of bulbs, the dimmer the bulbs
Voltage is split by bulbs in series
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Bulbs in parallel
Current is split
Potential difference across each path is the same
Total current increases when bulbs are added in parallel
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Resistance
The property of a substance which hinders the flow of charge
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Formula for resistance
R = V/I
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Factors affecting resistance
Type of material
Length - the longer the greater the resistance
Thickness - the thicker the less the resistance
Temperature - the hotter the greater the resistance
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Definition of the unit of resistance, ohm
If a potential difference of 1V produces a current of 1A then the resistance is 1Ω
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