Clicker questions

• The main propulsive force that occurs in the majority of the alimentary canal is called

  peristalsis
• _______ Circulation collects nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract and delivers it to the liver.

  Hepatic Portal
• The Short Reflexes in the digestive system are stimulated by _____

  enteric nervous syetm
• Which of the following is least involved in the mechanical breakdown of food, digestion, or absorption?

  esophagus
• specific enteroendocrine cells of the stomach, called G cells, are stimulated by partially digested proteins, caffeine, and rising pH. When stimulated, G cells secrete_____

  gastrin
• The phases of gastric secretion, from first to last, are ____.

  cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase
• Which of the following is (are) NOT important as a stimulus in the gastric phase of gastric secretion?

  carbohydrates
• The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur?

  Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum
• in order to prevent the self-digestion of the pancreas, activation of the pancreatic proteases occurs in the_____.

  Duodenum
• ______is/ are NOT found in pancreatic secretions

  Cholecystokinin (CCK)
• Bile is stored and concentrated in the____.

  Gallbladder
• Pepsin enzymatically digests_____.

  Protein
• The major site for nutrient absorption is the ______.

  Small intestine
• bacterial flora in the large intestine does NOT produce_____.

  Intrinsic Factor
• Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by brush border enzymes occurs within the ______ of the small intestine.

  Microvilli
• fat absorption through the plasma membrane of epithelial cells____.

  occurs by simple diffusion because lipids can penetrate the hydrophobic fatty acids tails within the plasma membrane
• when renal calculi obstructs a ureter, pain is perceives to radiate from the lower back to the anterior abdominal wall on the same side, This is an event that___.

  is called referred pain
• ____ are the structural units and functional units of the kidneys, which carry out the processes to form urine.

  Nephrons
• The juxtaglomeruler apparatus is made of____ cells from the afferent arteriole and the ____ cells of the DCT.

  granular; macula densa
• Which of the following factors contributes to the higher filtration rate in the glomerular capillaries compared with other capillary beds?

  all of the above
• An inmportant factor directly affecting the glomerular filtration rate is_____.

  net filtration rate
• Which of the following are mechanisms of intrinsic control of glomerular filtration (renal autoregulation)?

  myogenic mechanism and tubuloglomerular feedback
• Why is glucose in the urine an indicator of diabetes mellitus

  glucose occupies all the transport carriers and it is no longer reabsorbed
• The thin segment of the nephron loop's descending limb

  aids in the passive moment of water out of the tubule
• All of the following function s are carried out in renal tubules EXCEPT

  filtration
• What hormone promotes active tubular secretion of potassium ions into, along with sodium absorption from, filtrate in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts?

  aldosterone
• Which of the following statements about the vasa recta is correct

  The osmolarity of blood plasma inside the vasa recta increases as it descends into the inner medulla
• Which of the following factors contributed to the higher filtration rate in the glomerular capillaries compared with other capillary beds?

  all of the above
• An important factor directly affecting the glamour ruler filtration rate is?

  net filtration rate
• Which of the following are mechanisms of intrinsic control of the glamour ruler filtration (renal auto regulation)?

  B) myogenic mechanism and tubuloglomerular feedback
• Micturition


  The release of urine from the bladder via the urethra
• When a strong acid such as HCI is added to the carbonic acid buffer system

  Carbonic acid is converted into bicarbonate
• Parasympathetic tone

  • A. prevents unnecessary heart deceleration
  • B. determines normal activity of the urinary tract
  • C. accelerates activity of the digestive tract
  • D. causes blood pressure to rise
• Where would you not find a Cholinergic nicotinic receptor?

  all parasympathetic target organs
• The concentration of sodium ions highest in the blood plasma
• During the EXG QRS complex, the ______ of the conduction system is depolarizing and the heart chambers are______.
• Which of the following is not a disorder of water balance>

  excessive hydration due to excess atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion
• What condition is due to excessive water intake that results in net osmosis into tissue cells?

  hyponatremia
• Aldosteron stimulates the reabsorption of ______ while enhancing_____ secretion.

  sodiums; potassium
• What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion an water retention?

  atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)