Approaches

• Behaviourist view on free will vs determinism

  Environmental Determinism. Behaviour is determined by environmental stimuli, and we have no control over our response.
• Behaviourist view on nature vs nurture

  Nurture. Humans are born as tabula rasa (blank slate) and behaviour is learned through experience.
• Behaviourist approach


  Experimental Reductionism. Behaviour is reduced to simple mechanistic properties such as classical conditioning.
• Behaviourist approach


  Nomothetic. It attempts to establish general universal laws through systematic associations.
• The behaviourist approach is scientific as it utilises scientific methods like lab studies to systematically measure behaviour.
• Social Learning Theory (SLT) view on free will vs determinism


  Soft Determinism. Behaviour is influenced by environmental factors but there is personal responsibility and some free will.
• SLT view on nature vs nurture

  Nurture. Behaviour is learned through observation and vicarious reinforcement.
• SLT approach


  Experimental Reductionism. It reduces behaviour to mechanistic properties like vicarious reinforcement.
• SLT approach


  Nomothetic. It attempts to establish general universal laws through vicarious reinforcement.
• SLT is mostly scientific, as it uses scientific methods to study behaviour.
• Cognitive view on free will vs determinism

  Soft Determinism. Behaviour is governed by internal thought processes, but humans can choose what information they attend to.
• Cognitive approach view on nature vs nurture

  Nature and Nurture. Behaviour is a product of internal thought processes modified through experience.
• Cognitive approach


  Experimental Reductionism. Carefully controlled experiments isolate variables.
• Cognitive approach


  Idiographic and Nomothetic. It uses case studies to establish general laws.
• The cognitive approach is mostly scientific. It uses methods to observe behaviour but faces challenges in directly observing cognitive processes.
• Biological view on free will vs determinism

  Biological Determinism. Behaviour is determined by internal biological factors.
• Biological approach view on nature vs nurture


  Nature. Behaviour is shaped by genetic, hormonal, and neurotransmitter factors.
• Biological approach


  Biological Reductionism. Behaviour is broken down to biological structures and processes.
• Biological approach


  Nomothetic. It creates universal laws by extrapolating findings from animals to humans.
• The biological approach is scientific as it uses highly objective scientific methods like brain scans.
• Psychodynamic view on free will vs determinism

  Psychic Determinism. Behaviour is determined by unconscious drives and early childhood experiences.
• Psychodynamic approach view on nature vs nurture

  Mainly Nature. Behaviour is controlled by innate drives, with early experiences shaping them.
• Psychodynamic approach


  Reductionist and Holistic. It reduces behaviour to unconscious drives but also considers multiple aspects of behaviour.
• Psychodynamic approach


  Idiographic and Nomothetic. It establishes general laws through case studies and examines unconscious drives.
• The psychodynamic approach is not scientific as it uses subjective interpretation and is not testable with empirical methods.
• Humanistic view on free will vs determinism


  Free Will. Humans can control their environments and change.
• Humanistic approach view on nature vs nurture

  Nurture. Behaviour is determined by the environment, with humans striving for self-actualisation.
• Humanistic approach


  Holistic. It considers all aspects of human experience and interaction.
• Humanistic approach


  Idiographic. It focuses on the subjective nature of human experience without trying to establish general laws.
• The humanistic approach is not scientific as it rejects scientific methods and empirical evidence.