epithelial tissue

• Blood is consist of blood cells surrounding by non living fluid matrix called blood plasma also known as transport vehicle for cardiovascular system because it carries nutrients, waste, respiratory gasses, and white blood cells
• Reticular connective tissue is consist of delicate network of interwoven reticular fibers associated with reticular cells which resembles fibroblast and it form stroma and also known as cellular bleachers
• adipose connective tissue also called fat. It is an areolar tissue which adipose cells predominate. it form subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin where it insulates the body and protect from bumps
• areolar connective tissue it is most widely distributed connective tissue.

  • it is soft, pliable, cobwebby tissue
  • protects the body organs
  • aka universal packing tissue
  • provides reservoir water and salts
• lamina propria is a soft layer of areolar connective tissue
• 4 mains types of loose connective tissue

  • areolar

  • adipose

  •retucular

  •blood
• loose connective tissue are softer and have more cells and fewer fibers than any other connective tissue type except blood
• tendons attached skeletal muscle to bones
• ligaments connects bones at joints and more stretchy and contain elastic fibers
• dense connective tissue -also called dense fibrous tissue.

  • collagen fibers are main matrix
  • crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblast
  • forms strong and ropelike structures such as tendons and ligaments
• elastic cartilage found in structures with elasticity such as external ear
• fibrocartilage is highly compresable and forms cushion disks between vertebrae of spinal column
• • skeleton of the fetus is made up of hyaline cartilage but the time the baby is born most of the cartilage has been replaced by bone
• hyaline cartilage has abundant collagen fibers hidden by a rubbery matrix with a glassy, blue- white apperance
• cartilage is less hard and more flexible than bone and composed of chondrocytes
• bone also called asseous tissue and composed of osteocytes sitting in cavities called lacunae and has an ability to protect and support body organs
• connective tissue classes

  • bone
  • cartilage
  • dense connective tissue
  • loose connective tissue
  • blood
• fat tissue is composed mostly of cells and the matrix is soft
• connective tissue it connect the body parts and most abundant and widely distributed of tissue types. It performes primarily in protecting, supporting and binding frame
• distinguishing characteristics of connective tissue

  • variation in blood supply - most connective tissue are well vascularized meaning they have blood supply
  • extracellular matrix - varrying amounts of non living substances found outside the cell and it is what makes connective tissue different from other
• tendons and ligaments have a poor blood supply and cartilages is avascular
• matrix which is produced by connective tissue cells and secreted to their exterior and has 2 elements the ground substances and fibers
• ground substances is composed of largely of water and cell adhesion and large protein and charged polysaccharides
• cell adhesion acts as glue because it allows connective tissue attached to the matrix fibers
• charged polysaccharides traps water as they untertwined
• 2 types of amounts that contributes to the matrix

  • collagen fibers
  • elastic fibers
• Muscle tissue


  Highly specialized to contract, or shorten, which generates the force required to produce movement
• Types of muscle tissue

  • Skeletal
  • Cardiac
  • Smooth
• Skeletal muscle


  • Packaged by connective tissue sheets into organs called skeletal muscles, which are attached to the skeleton
  • Can be controlled voluntarily (or consciously)
  • Form the flesh of the body, the so-called muscular system
  • When the skeletal muscles contract, they pull on bones or skin, resulting in gross body movements or changes in our facial expressions
• Skeletal muscle cells

  • Long, cylindrical, and multinucleate
  • Have obvious striations (stripes)
  • Often called muscle fibers
• Cardiac muscle

  • Found only in the heart wall
  • As it contracts, the heart acts as a pump to propel blood through the blood vessels
  • Like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle has striations
  • Cardiac cells have only a single nucleus and are relatively short, branching cells that fit tightly together (like clasped fingers) at junctions called intercalated discs
• Smooth (visceral) muscle

  • No striations are visible
  • Individual cells have a single nucleus and are tapered at both ends
  • Found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, uterus, and blood vessels
  • As smooth muscle in its walls contracts, the cavity of an organ alternately becomes smaller (constricts when smooth muscle contracts) or enlarges (dilates when smooth muscle relaxes) so that substances are mixed and/or propelled through the organ along a specific pathway
  • Contracts much more slowly than the other two muscle types, and these contractions tend to last longer
  • Peristalsis (per"i-stal'sis), a wavelike motion that keeps food moving through the small intestine, is typical of its activity
• Cells


  Form the brain
• Neurons


  • Receive and conduct electrochemical impulses from one part of the body to another
  • Irrilability and conductivity are their two major functional characteristics
• Neuroglia


  A special group of supporting cells that insulate, support, and protect the delicate neurons in the structures of the nervous system
• Tissue types in the body

  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscle
  • Nervous
• Tissue repair (wound healing)

  1. Inflammation sets the stage

  2. Granulation tissue forms

  3. Regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair
• Regeneration


  • Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells
• Fibrosis


  • Repair by dense (fibrous) connective tissue, that is, by the formation of scar tissue
• Clean cuts (incisions) heal much more successfully than ragged tears of the tissue